1994/06/21 City Council MinutesP-hncyrt Pa rk t' i tv 1'cmnc- i I M i rmt.H::
Jijno 21, 1 y 94
The Council of the C i t.v of Rohnert. Park met. this dat.N
i n :;pec- i a 1 113,44-95 Rudget. work :;os s ion Commencing at.
6:00 p.m. in the City Offices, 6750 Commerce Boulevard,
Rohnert. Park, with Mayor Reilly presi.dinq.
CALL TO ORDER Mayor Reilly
at approximat
ROLL CALL Present: (5)
Absent: (0)
called the special work session to order
ely 6:02 p.m.
Councilmembers Eck, Spiro, Gallacyher.
(6:08 p.m.), Hollingsworth 16:05 p.m.),
and Mayor Reilly_
None
Staff present for all or part of the meeting: City
Manaqer Netter, Assistant City Manacler Leivo, and City
Finance Director Harrow.
Unscheduled
P1ihl i.r
Appearances Mayor Reilly stated that in compliance with State Law
(The Brown Act), citizens wishing to make a comment may
do so at this time.
Mayor Reilly stated that he received a speaker card
from Juli Wood and asked if she would like to speak.
She declined.
Alexis Riecker, 134 Veronda Way, Cotati stated that:
* Officer Larry Jones is an asset for citizens;
* Citizens do not take lightly the decision to
assign Officer Jones to patrol;
* The trust of children is being damaged;
* Officer Jones has a gift, a sense of caring;
* Officer Jones helps people see other options;
* A concern about the DARE program is that it will
only help fifth and sixth grade students; and
* Officer Jones went two or three times to her
daughter's pre - school.
Hollingsworth
Arrives Councilman Hollingsworth arrived at 6:05 p.m.
Alexis Riecker read excerpts from an article that
appeared in the Community Voice. She stated that
Officer Jones has done an excellent job. Why should
the City Council favor the DARE program over the
Officer Friendly program. We must have Officer Jones
back to keep the trust of children. We, the people,
have spoken.
ROtirlor. t. Park C' i t.y Caunt:- i l M1 nlit.r? i :� ,i
Caroline Jones, 398 Bruce Ave., stated that
Officer Jones but that she was
She read from a prepared statem
to Councilmembers. She provided
article, "Why It is Time to
Alcohol and Drug Prevention."
JIM(- 21, 1994
she was the wife of
not representing him.
ent which was provided
Councilmembers with an
Reinvent School -Based
Gallaqher
Arrives Councilwoman Gallagher arrived at 6:08 p.m. during the
presentation by Ms. Jones.
Mayor Reilly stated that he received a speaker card
from Nanci Spangler and asked if she would like to
speak. She declined.
Linda Branscomb, 6585 Commerce Blvd., #188, discussed the proposed
budget and specifically:
* Proposed additional staff;
* The Performing Arts Center;
* Increasing revenues;
* Attracting non - polluting, light industry;
* Promotion of the Wine Center;
* Deleting the proposal to acquire a golf course;
* Includinq funds for a long term general plan;
* Protecting open space; and
* The need to continue working with other local
governments.
She also stated that there needs to be a compromise
regarding Officer Jones. Other officers can learn from
him. Perhaps Officer Jones could spend 1/2 time on
patrol and 1/2 time on officer friendly program duties.
Proposed
Budget Mayor Reilly asked City Manager Netter to review the
proposed 1994 -95 budget. City Manager Netter noted
that the proposed budget was balanced. He reviewed
projected revenues, use of reserve funds, the proposed
new positions and employee reclassifications. City
Manager Netter noted that the proposed budget
incorporated a five percent increase in Councilmember's
salaries.
Motion Upon motion by Councilman Hollingsworth, seconded by
Mayor Reilly, to not approve the five percent increase
in Councilmember's salaries, was unanimously approved.
Proposed
Budget City Manager Netter continued to review the proposed
budget and respond to questions from Councilmembers.
Topics discussed included:
* Enrolling City Attorney Flitner in the California
Public Employees Retirement System (PERS);
Rohnert Park City Council. Minutes (:3)
,Turie 2-1, 1994
* The increase in sales taxes;
* Fee increases;
* The inflation index utilized;
* The sewer operating fund;
* Salary caps, job descriptions
and salary surveys;
* Cost -of- living salary increases;
* Rohnert Park salaries compared to other city
salaries;
* The proposed rent control /CDA
housing position;
* The proposed new Public
Safety Department
positions;
* Rohnert Park's Public Safety
budget compared to
that of the City of Petaluma;
and
* The public safety concept and
cost savings.
Councilmember
Concerns Councilmembers listed issues that they wanted to
discuss further. Issues listed included:
* Adding 6.25 positions while eliminating the
infrastructure reserve;
* The proposed PSO position may be needed to resolve
the rotation, Office Jones issue;
* Hiring two Public Safety officers in addition to
those proposed in the budget;
* Whether the State will reduce revenues received by
the City;
* If the Transient Occupancy Taxes are overstated;
* The need to have adequate reserves; and
* Taking another look at the DARE program.
DARE and School
Resources
Officer
Programs Councilmembers discussed the DARE and School Resource
Officer programs. Topics discussed included:
* Whether there is a compromise or if Councilmembers
must choose between supporting the management
decision or attempt to override it;
* Only one person must administer the Public Safety
Department and that is Chief Rooney;
* The DARE program was successful in other cities;
* Whether the Council should get involved in the
actual workings of the Public Safety Department;
* The Councilmembers acknowledge the accomplishments
of Officer Friendly program;
* Chief Rooney must be given an opportunity to
manage the Public Safety Department;
* About 175 petition signers dad not live in Rohnert
Park;
* The Council should not discuss personnel matters
unless it is in the context of a grievance
proceeding; and
Rohnert. Park City Cotinc.i l Minutes (4 ) Tune 21, 1994
* If the program could be expanded to include
Officer Jones.
Motion Councilman Eck made a motion, seconded by Councilwoman
Gallagher, to direct staff to report at the next budget
session the plan to resolve the Officer Friendly
Program issue taking into consideration the provisions
of the MOU, the rotation policy, and the proposed new
Public Safety position, the Crime Prevention Officer.
The Councilmembers discussed the motion. Statements
made included the following:
City administrators decide who fills a given
position;
* Every officer should have an equal opportunity to
fill a given position;
* Staff should try to resolve the issues between the
groups;
* We should consider the children first; and
* The City should continue the Officer Friendly
program and consider the DARE program next year.
Withdrawal
of Second Councilwoman Gallagher stated that she understood that
the motion requested that staff should address why an
individual with a proven record should be assigned
patrol duties. Councilman Eck stated that his motion
did not include that item. Councilwoman Gallagher
withdrew her second.
Second
and Vote Councilwoman Spiro seconded the motion. The motion was
approved by unanimous vote.
Recess Mayor Reilly declared a recess at 8:25 p.m.
Reconvene Mayor Reilly reconvened the Council meeting at
approximately 8:43 p.m. with all Councilmembers
present.
Budget
Sessions After Council discussion, Mayor Reilly declared that
the next Budget Work Session would be held on July 5,
1994 from 6:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. The Council discussed
holding a morning meeting at 7:30 a.m, at which
representatives for agencies requesting funds could
make presentations. The Council will hold a public
hearing regarding the proposed 1994 -95 budget on July
12, 1994 during the regular Council meeting.
Real Property
Transfer Tax The Council addressed the real property transfer tax.
Councilwoman Gallagher made a motion to not increase
Rohnert Park City Council Minutes (5)
.Tune 21, 1994
the real property transfer tax. The motion died for
lack of a second.
Revenues The Council discussed ways to enhance revenues
including creating a public relations positions or
providing additional funds to the Chamber of Commerce
or Convention and Visitors Bureau. Interest earnings
should be higher in 1994 -95 than the past fiscal year.
The Council discussed the number of motel /hotel rooms
in Rohnert Park and State funds for libraries.
Announcements Mayor Reilly announced that Warren Hopkins will be
honored with the dedication of the Commerce Blvd. bus
shelter at 2:00 p.m. on June 22, 1994.
After Council discussion, Mayor Reilly announced that
the next regular City Council meeting on June 28, 1994
will begin at 6:30 p.m. so that Councilmembers could
attend the open house at the new Chamber of Commerce
office. The open house will begin at 5:30 p.m.
Councilman Eck stated that he would not be at the next
Council meeting.
Unscheduled
Public
Appearances Mayor Reilly stated that any citizens who wished to
make comment may do so at this time.
Debbie Hales, 825 Liana Court asked several questions regarding
details in the budget document. City Manager Netter
responded to her questions.
Jake Mackenzie, 1536 Gladstone Way, reviewed items of interest to him
in the proposed budget including:
* The cost of purchasing water from the Sonoma
County Water Agency versus pumping water from City
wells;
* Capital improvements recommended by the Park and
Recreation Commission;
* A in -line skate hockey facility;
* Recommendations of the Bicycle Committee; and
* Expansion of the wastewater treatment plant
capacity.
Adjournment There being no one further wanting to be heard and
there being no further business to conduct, Mayor
Reilly adjourned the meeting at 8:10 p.m. P 09Z Q
C ty Clerk yor
Carolyn Jones
398 Bruce Avenue
Rohnert Park
I am the wife of Larry Jones /Officer Friendly.
I am representing my own thoughts and observations.
TO: the Mayor, City Council, City Manager, Chief Rooney, Police
Officers Association and to the concerned community:
I ask you to call a time -out ... to step back and take a look.
To take 4 looks!
LOOK #l: Do these school based preventions programs work of and by
themselves ??
I refer you to an article from the Summer 1994 edition of
Prevention File. While I encourage you to study the entire
article, I'd like to draw your attention to:
1st page - center column
... D.A.R.E., the most widely used school -based prevention program
had zero effect on later alcohol and other drug use.... The RTI
analysis incorporated findings from eight separate evaluation
studies, and is thus especially convincing."
2nd page - third column
"If we do not wake up, yet another dismal cycle of expensive
failure will surely result. ... D.A.R.E. .... Here's Looking At
You .... It is especially sad and frustrating that the dedicated
professionals in education and law enforcement who deliver these
programs may be enticed into yet another cycle of wasted effort.
Their precious commitment would better be redirected into
approaches that actually have an impact on the problems they are
trying to prevent."
3rd page - end of the article
"The long -term economic and social costs of alcohol and other drug
use will be immeasurably greater if we continue to depend on
prevention programs that do not work. Tomorrow's medical, prison,
and welfare bills for the children we could have helped today will
surely exceed our means."
3rd page - center column
" .... a kind of counselor /case manager is sorely needed. Case
managers would follow high -risk children throughout schooling,
making sure that appropriate referrals and support are there when
needed."
And, hasn't Larry been a "simplified version" of a case manager for
14 years ??
LOOK # 2: Limited Resources
A. The article refers to 2 similar programs -- D.A.R.E. and
Here's Looking At You. From what information I have been able to
gather, I believe in 1989 or 90, the Rohnert Park School District
received federal /state funds to begin the Here's Looking At You
2000 program. I believe, to date:
- all the district's schools have had an initial overview,
- between 75 and 100 elementary school teachers have received
a 2 -day training,
- & approximately $18,000 to $20,000 has been spent on Here's
Looking At You kits.
Why don't we stop and take a look! Take a look at D.A.R.E. and
take a look at Here's Looking At You 2000. Keep what might be
useful from these programs. Find out their similarities -- not
only with each other, but to what's already in place through the
Officer Friendly program. Why not see what material already
exists, what training's already occurred, what money has already
been spent? Why not combine the best of each - while realizing, as
stated in the article, that this is only a piece of what's needed.
B. Larry Jones as Officer Friendly
Is he not a 14 -year resource to this city?
I will not bore you with a recap of the numerous public
acknowledgements of success. But I would like to share a few of
the private ones -- the ones that happen every day -- the ones YOU
never hear about.
- The young teenager who's willing to share with Larry that he's
being intimidated at the bus stop by an older student. What can he
do?
- The 12 -year old girl whose seeking love through promiscuity.
- The child from a dysfunctional family, who seeks advice on their
particular situation. Or the child whose parent has just lost
their job and may be losing their home. These children know Larry
will be confidential. He will handle their "embarrassing" (to
them) situation with dignity and respect.
- The teenager who's bordering on gang activity. But Larry spots
his interest in basketball. The trust and rapport he builds with
this young man allows Larry to discover the youth cannot afford the
basketball shoes. And the next day, a shoe box with a pair of size
11, black, high -top shoes quietly passes (from Larry) into this
young man's hands. And this young man finishes a basketball season
with accomplishments and new self - esteem.
- The teenager, whose heart's breaking from rejection of his first
love. The emotional pain is such that he considers life may not be
worth continuing. But Larry embraces him and assures him -- not
once, but many times over the next few weeks -- that there is a
future.
- The youth- turned - adults who come back years later to say "Thank
You ". "YOU made the difference in my life. I was headed down the
wrong path -- who knows where I would have gone without your
intervention."
- The parents of runaways who call in the middle of the night,
panicked at the safety of their child.
- The parents who say: "please talk to my son, my daughter. They
will listen to you."
- The parents that Larry reaches out to -- with concerns he's
noticed about their children.
He sees! He knows! Because, he's out there and available every
day! He is their confidant. He listens to their troubles about
home, about school, about LIFE! ... He can direct them to
counselors and to programs. He can intervene. And, he has been
blessed with a God -given intuitive gift of relating to youth.
And he does this not just during his shift. He's in their lives
after hours. As an example, he coaches Junior High and High School
sports, when his shift ended at 3:00pm. This availability is not
just directly for the kids he coaches. For he purposefully puts
himself in proximity of hundreds of others as they come and go.
This special trust -- this special bond -- he has developed with
1) kids from pre- school through high school, 2 ) with their parents,
and 3) with the community in general through such functions as
Neighborhood Watch.
Do you just throw that out the window -- this proven resource --
and start from scratch?
Or ..... do you, perhaps, consider building? Building onto an
existing and successful program.
I say enhance , it -- don't destroy it!
Take a hard look! For it IS a time of limited resources, but it's
also a time for creative management.
LOOK #3: Involvement of the other Officers
I commend the direction the Department of Public Safety has taken
in encouraging pro - active involvement of officers with the youth
and the community.
I understand the other officers have felt denied the opportunity to
work with youth? But, Chief Rooney, why don't you ask these same
officers why you only received 4 applications for the new D.A.R.E.
position. Actually, I believe it was 5, as one was also submitted
by officer Larry Jones.
If they truly want involvement, there are ways to get them
involved. As mentioned in the council meeting memo of last week,
June 14th: "Officer Jones will be encouraged to continue his
contacts with the schools in his patrol assignments ".
Why can't all the officers have this opportunity -- to patrol and
involve themselves with the schools?
But I will still submit a request that Larry remain where he
belongs -- in those schools full -time. Use Larry - your resource!
He can be a bridge! Partner the officers with him!
Let me add a word of caution: having worked for years as a liaison
between patients and staff in the medical field, I know that not
everyone has been graced with the same level of "people skills ".
Someone can be a great physician with expertise in anatomy and in
making a diagnosis. And someone can be a great police officer and
know the code book inside and out. Yet each of these highly
qualified individuals may lack people skills -- especially the art
of interacting with young people. It's naive at best to think all
officers will excel in this role. But everyone can improve and
should be given the opportunity to learn. Larry Jones can be there
to direct this. And that's what the children and the community are
saying! "Yes! Add other officers. But don't take Officer Jones
away!"
Now, if the issue for the officers is the "rotation rule ", then I
believe you need to ask: "What is in the best interest of the
majority ?" That majority seems to be the youth and the community.
And it IS the chief's right, as determined by the grievance
committee on December 14, 1992, to exempt this position from
rotation!
LOOK #4: (Last, but most important!)
The Needs of the Youth and the Community
They are speaking to you! What kind of message will you send back
to them? "Your voice doesn't count? Your needs don't matter ?"
It certainly WOULD be a message about a government for the people.
About a police department that responds to serving the community.
You may say: "But we have this new program. Give it a chance.
Yes, ... it can only reach 2 grades the first year. But that's
the best we can do." But: you have a successful program that's
already covering all ages! So, what message is that to the rest of
our youth who are not in those 2 grades?
These kids -- of ALL ages -- are crying: "Do NOT abandon us -- we
need Officer Larry Jones in our lives NOW!" This community is
calling out to you! So, I beg you: Call a time -out - -- AND HEAR
YOUR PEOPLE'S CRIES!
Thank you.
11
a r
t .
By Rodney Skaver, PhD
he news from research
on the effectiveness of our
favorite strategies for drug and
alcohol prevention in schools is
mainly dismal. Armand Mauss,
PhD, and his colleagues at Washington
State University found that high school stu-
dents exposed since kindergarten to one
popular curriculum failed to show reduced
alcohol use (Journal of Studies on Alcohol,
Vol. 49, No. 1, 1988).
Mauss and his co- authors asked how we
could imagine that any approach to alcohol
prevention limited to the classroom could
be effective in a society so relentlessly dedi-
cated to the promotion of drinking.
Susan Ennett; PhD, and her associates at
North Carolina's Research Triangle
institute reported that DARE ,
(Drug Abuse Resistance Education),
the most widely used school -based preven-
tion program, had zero effect on later alco-
hol and other drug use (Proceedings of the
Conference on Evaluating School - Linked
Prevention Strategies, UCSD,
1993). The RTl analysis
incorporated findings from
eight separate evaluation
studies. and is thus especially
convincing.
0
rt the motives underly-
ing experimentation with
alcohol and other drugs by young people
entering their teen years. DARE has also
ignored the need for formative research
and evaluation, instead depending mainly
on marketing and political
clout to promote its adop-
...our society holds
tenaciously to the
idea that drug use is
a kind of disease...
In the proceedings of the
same 1993 UCSD conference, William
Hansen, PhD, of the Bowman Gray School
of Medicine, Wake Forest University in
North Carolina, attributed the ineffective-
ness of DARE in part to its failure to address
tion.
In view of these negative
findings about popular
strategies of school -based
prevention, we should rec-
ognize the importance of carefully
designed, independent research by
i Michael Newcomb and Peter Bentler at
i
UCLA (Consequences of Adolescent Drug
Use, Sage Publications, 1988) and
SUMMER 1994 PREVENTION FILE 11
Jonathan Shedler and Jack Block at UC
Berkeley (American Psychologist, Vol. 45,
No. 5, 1990) revealing that most adoles-
cents who experiment with alcohol and
other drugs do not progress to problematic
use.
Those who do experiment are affected by
the risk factors David Hawkins, PhD, and
others have found to be associated with the
various behavior problems occurring among
contemporary youth (Psychological Bulletin,
Vol. 112, No. 1, 1992).
These findings are contro-
versial, not because of the
quality of the research on
which they are based, but
because our society holds
tenaciously to the idea that
drug abuse is a kind of disease
least not yet —and are actually uncomfort-
able with people who do (Preventive
Medicine, Vol. 20, No. 3, 1991).
Involvement of peer models in such pro-
grams recognizes the power of identification
and imitation in this age group. Training in
resistance skills (how to say no without los-
ing potential friends, recognizing motives
underlying invitations to drink or use, and
analyzing advertising to detect the underly-
ing messages) is a natural complement to
social influence approaches.
Admittedly, the social
Fortunately, the
majority of children
in schools are not
high -risk.
contracted by people who try drugs. It fol-
lows that the educational tactic for fighting
the spread of that disease is to warn people
that using drugs will turn them into addicts
or ruin their health.
Unfortunately, this approach does not
work. Most young people realize that these
warnings are exaggerated and do not apply
to the moderate drinking or using they see
around them.
Despite the gloom just expressed, there
are encouraging developments in school -
based prevention. These include strategies
designed to take advantage of the intense
desire to imitate peers that drives most chil-
dren entering their teen years. The social
influence model described by Hansen and
John Graham, PhD, is designed to deal with
the common tendency of teenagers to
believe that everybody does it.
This prevention technique consists of
.��mnnCYr'1 r1nll rn 1rnt'na nP nlP rll'Ir mncr of
influence approach does not
always produce results, as
Phyllis Ellickson, PhD, and
her associates reported (Health
Education Quarterly, Vol. 20,
No. 2, 1993). It also will be
criticized as merely a strategy in delaying
use, especially by the idealists wedded to the
fantasy that drug use in the younger popula-
tion can somehow be wiped
out entirely. But delaying use
is an appropriate goal.
Early use is likely to be
more developmentally dam-
aging than later use. In our
society delaying the use of
alcohol is also the only realis-
result, research revealing that most young
people who try alcohol and other drugs do
not progress to substance abuse has been
ignored in most school -based prevention
programs. If we do not wake up, yet another
dismAl cycle of expensive failure will surely
result.
A new DARE program likely to be
founded on the same assumptions is already
in production. Perhaps there will also be an
updated version of the popular Here's
Looking at You drug prevention curriculum
or its equivalent on the market before long.
It is especially sad and frustrating that the
dedicated professionals in education and law
enforcement who deliver these programs
may be enticed into yet another cycle of
wasted effort. Their precious commitment
would better be redirected into approaches
that actually have an impact on the prob-
lems they are trying to prevent.
Even more disturbing is the way in
Despite the
gloom ... there are
encouraging
developments in
school -based
prevention.
tic goal for most young peo-
ple. But social influence approaches are not
effective for high -risk young people. For
them, radically different approaches are
needed, working directly with them to
repair the damage done by the negative
influences on their personalities during their
childhood.
Unfortunately, our society does not want
to hear about the personal and social influ-
Pnrpr rtt tl9r lip Anto ttcp Ir nrpfprc rn
which popular acceptance of
the disease concept keeps us
from coming to grips with the
real factors leading to drug use
and other behavior problems
seen in young people (and
adults). Risk factors involving
dysfunctional family and
social relationships are conve-
niently ignored in favor of preachy, band -
aid approaches. In a society willing to face
its problems, those same risk factors would
be the basis for identifying vulnerable chil-
dren early on.
Children at high levels of risk need help
in the elementary years rather than only
after they have developed deviant patterns
of behavior. We also know that the risk fac-
rnrc )rp n nprir_rlior is rick farrnrc ianri-
nected with failure and misbehavior in
school, early sexual involvement and preg-
nancy, and violence and delinquency in the
community.
with other services such as special edu-
cation, parenting programs, and,
where there is severe neglect and
abuse, foster parenting arrangements. 4
It is time to reinvent school -based pre- Early intervention must also articu-
vention and intervention. Fortunately, the late with already existing types of 'Stud
majority of children in schools are not high
risk. What they need instead
of lectures by adults is preven- If we
tion approaches in tune with wake up, y
the reasons why so many ordi- dismal
nary young people try alcohol expensive
and other drugs. But, for the
20 to 30 percent of school surely
children who are at risk, early
intervention and follow -up offer the best
chance that a prevention program will do
some good.
This is the point where educators
become suspicious. They expect another
call for the radical restructuring of schooling
in response to social problems for which the
schools are not responsible. Yet, approaches
are available that do not make unrealistic
demands on schools. For example, for chil-
dren from families with alcohol and drug
problems there are elementary school cur-
ricula based on the support -group concept
such as that developed by Rosemary Tisch
(Kids Are Special— School Based Group
Manual, San Jose, Eastfield Ming Quong,
1993).
Substance - abusing families have long
been recognized as quintessential high -risk
environments, although children in these
families face the same basic problems that
children face in other kinds of dysfunctional
families. My colleagues and 1 learned in a
recent three -year study (also in the UCSD
conference report, 1993) that these kinds of
support groups can function effectively in
regular public schools, but need to be tied in
assistance programs in secondary schaot9
another form of support tli
cents, even those who are already involved
with problematic use of alcohol and other
drugs, are open to alternative approaches to
intervention using peer groups and open
discussion and confrontation. However,
these programs will not work as isolated hit -
and -miss skirmishes, considering the lasting
problems these children face. School dis-
tricts must learn to track and continuously
assist such children.
A new educational role Prograrr
for a kind of counselor/case work as ic.
manager is sorely needed.
and -miss
Case managers would follow
high -risk children throughout wmmmmw "®
schooling, making sure that appropriate
referrals and support are there when needed.
It is truly in the interest of educators to
begin thinking along these lines. There is
no social agency other than the school that
can intervene in large numbers with chil-
dren at risk. Moreover, the viability of pub-
lic schools as educational institutions is seri-
ously compromised by disruption associated
with indifferent or rebellious and destruc-
tive adolescents who did not receive help
when their problems first surfaced.
e cities the affluen
asses are pulling their children out
oflic schools, and in many instances for
reasons. Obviously, society has to pro -
vide schools with the support that is need-
ed. This is not likely to come from regular
sources of school funding. The need and
potential benefits have to be recognized in
Congress and the White House.
Yes, these proposals would require funding
from government and broader vision among
school boards and educators. But those who
despair must recognize that what we might
spend would be far less than the billions now
spent on high -tech drug interduction and
law enforcement boondoggles like barrage
balloons on the Texas border
s will not or paramilitary operations in
South American jungles. The
olated, hit- long -term economic and social
skirmishes. costs of alcohol and other drug
•�••� use will be immeasurably
greater if we continue to depend on preven-
tion programs that do not work. Tomorrow's
medical, prison, and welfare bills for the
children we could have helped today will
surely exceed our means. C1
Rodney Skager, PhD, is professor of educational
psychology at the Graduate School of Education
at UCLA.
To obtain a copy of the 1993 UCSD conference
report, write to ATODS, UCSD Extension-0
9500 Gilman Or., La Jolla, CA 92093 -0176.
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