Structure Fire scene size up LPSTRUCTURE FIRE SIZE-UP
Tactics regarding scene size-up
Casey
Quinn
Structure Fire Size-Up
Page 1
Topic: Structure Fire Size-Up
Time Frame: 30:00
Level of Instruction: Level I
Authority:
Behavioral Objective:
Condition: None
Behavior: The student will list and describe the major considerations in
Sizing-up a structure fire.
Standard: None
Materials Needed:
Appropriate audio / visual training aids and devices
References: NFPA, Fire Fighting Tactics, Lloyd - Layman, 1953
NFPA, Fire Command, Brunacini, 1985
IFSTA, Safety
Fire Attack, Emergency Resources, Inc., 1987, Command
II
CDF, Health and Safety Handbook 1700, 1999
Preparation: Every firefighter should understand the value of
this process and how the process can minimize property
damage and personal injuries. One huge tactical mistake that
happens all to often is the failure to render a 360 degree size up.
Rushing the scene without key information regarding the hazards
could endanger yourself and your crew. Having the frontal view of a
structure is not enough to make a definitive and educated decision
on how to approach the scene.
STRUCTURE FIRE SIZE-UP
Tactics regarding scene size-up
Structure Fire Size-Up
Page 2
Coming on Scene
A. Remain calm, deep breathe, think for a second
about what you’re going to say.
B. Precise
SIZE-UP
A. Defined - An Evaluation of Incident
Conditions Which Form the Basis for the Incident
Action Plan
B. Size Up Should Indicate to the IC:
1. What has happened
2. What is happening
3. What will happen
C. Responsibility for Size-up
1) Gather as much critical information as
possible in a short period of time
a) Actions in first 5 minutes can be
more important than those taken in
the next 5 hours
b) Ability to do size-up will improve with
practice/experience
2. Once plan is executed everyone is accountable
for size-up and relaying information back to the IC.
Be precise with what you say, and
spit it out
Paint the picture!
STRUCTURE FIRE SIZE-UP
Tactics regarding scene size-up
Structure Fire Size-Up
Page 3
D. Critical Size-up Factors Vary Depending Upon
Conditions but Might Include:
a) Access to the building
b) Construction features
c) Contents
d) Special hazards
2. Fire history
a) Percent of structure involved
b) Size of fire
c) Location of fire
d) Best access to fire
3. Building construction factors
a) Type of construction
Any fences? Road/Hydrant
closures?
Water tender shuttles?
Phase of fire and where its
Going?
Apartment complex?
Commercial building?
STRUCTURE FIRE SIZE-UP
Tactics regarding scene size-up
Structure Fire Size-Up
Page 4
4. VALUE OF STRUCTURE
a) Size of building
b) Height of building
c) Utility shut-offs
5. Arrangement of exposures
a) External exposures
b) Access for apparatus
7. Modes
a) Fire attack, Defensive, Assume Command
6. Electricity
Assume that all downed
electrical power lines are
energized until confirmed with
power company that they are
dead and grounded
Whenever possible let power
company shut off power
7. Safety precautions
Building may have back-up
power system/generator
Power lines down?
Think about starting PGE if
they aren’t started already
STRUCTURE FIRE SIZE-UP
Tactics regarding scene size-up
Structure Fire Size-Up
Page 5
Do not restore power once
shut off
Suspect that vehicles,
guardrails, wire fences, phone
lines, etc., have been
energized if in contact with
power line
Building may be wired in
parallel and removing meter
does not shut off electricity
Single power panel may not
service the entire building
8. Natural gas
Shut off gas on walk-around
9. Water Supply
a) Hydrants
b) Tenders
c) Hydrant systems
10. Additional resources
a) Command
b) Recue
c) Engines/Trucks
Blue/Green Top or O.O.S
Order big then cancel
Loops or Dead ends
STRUCTURE FIRE SIZE-UP
Tactics regarding scene size-up
Structure Fire Size-Up
Page 6
SUMMARY:
Size up is a skill which improves with practice. For it to be effective, the initial attack Incident
Commander must use a logical system for analyzing information retaining that which is
essential and passing by the remainder.
The critical factors then become part of the Incident Action Plan.
EVALUATION:
A 10 question written test.
ASSIGNMENT:
None.
STRUCTURE FIRE SIZE-UP
Tactics regarding scene size-up
Structure Fire Size-Up
Page 7