HomeMy WebLinkAbout2026/06/09 City Council Resolution 2026-051 RESOLUTION NO. 2026-051
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ROHNERT PARK
ADOPTING THE CITY OF ROHNERT PARK 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT
PLAN AND WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN AND AUTHORIZING
FILING WITH REQUIRED STATE AND LOCAL ENTITIES
WHEREAS;the Urban Water Management Planning Act(California Water Code
Section 10610 et seq, hereinafter the "Act") requires every urban water supplier serving 3,000 or
more service connections or supplying 3,000 acre-feet or more of water annually to prepare and
adopt an Urban Water Management Plan(UWMP) every five years; and
WHEREAS,the Act requires urban water suppliers to prepare and adopt a Water
Shortage Contingency Plan(WSCP) as part of the UWMP process in accordance with California
Water Code Section 10632; and
WHEREAS,the City of Rohnert Park is an"urban water supplier" as defined by
California Water Code Section 10617; and
WHEREAS,the City has prepared its 2025 UWMP and WSCP in accordance with
applicable state law and guidance issued by the California Department of Water Resources; and
WHEREAS,the 2025 UWMP evaluates the City's water supply availability under a
normal water year, single dry year, and droughts lasting at least five years, as well as more
frequent and severe periods of drought, to consider the reliability of each water source's supply;
and
WHEREAS,the 2025 WSCP establishes actions, procedures, and shortage response
levels to be implemented during water shortage conditions and is included as Appendix Ito the
UMWP; and
WHEREAS, notice of the public hearing and availability of the UWMP and WSCP for
public review has been provided in the manner required by law;
WHEREAS,on June 9, 2026, the City Council conducted a public hearing in compliance
with the Act to receive oral and written comments upon the 2025 UWMP and WSCP and
consider staff recommendations; and
WHEREAS,the City Council has reviewed the 2025 UWMP and WSCP, City staff
reports,presentations, and the oral and written comments received; and
WHEREAS, in accordance with Section 10652 of the Water Code,the preparation and
adoption of Urban Water Management and Water Shortage Contingency Plans are statutorily
exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act.
NOW, THEREFORE,BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Rohnert
Park that it does hereby find, determine and declare as follows:
1. All of the above recitals are true and correct and material to the adoption of this
Resolution.
2. The City of Rohnert Park 2025 Urban Water Management Plan, which is attached
hereto and incorporated by this reference, is adopted.
3. The City of Rohnert Park Water Shortage Contingency Plan, which is attached As
Appendix I to the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and incorporated by this
reference, is adopted.
4. The City Manager, or designee, is authorized and directed to submit the adopted
UWMP and WSCP to the California Department of Water Resources and any other
required state or local agencies.
5. The City Manager, or designee, is further authorized to make non-substantive edits or
formatting changes to the UWMP or WSCP as may be required for final submittal or
state acceptance, provided such changes do not alter the intent or substance of the
plans.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Manager is hereby authorized and
directed to execute documents pertaining to the same and to take all actions reasonably necessary
to effectuate the purposes of this Resolution.
DULY AND REGULARLY ADOPTED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY
OF ROHNERT PARK ON this 9th day of June, 2026.
CITY OF ROHNERT PARK
ATTEST: mily Mayor
Sylvia Lopez Cuevas, City Clerk
AP OV AS T FORM:
Michelle . e yo , City orney
Attachments: Exhibit A
ADAMSM/ GIUDICE: /LRODRIGUEZ: ELWARD:Ate'' SANBORN:. 11-
llitYES: ( NOE : ( ABSENT: ( ABSTAIN: ( !
Resolution 2026-051
Page 2 of 2
City of Rohnert Park
2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
PUBLIC DRAFT | May 2026
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.
EKI C50233.00
EKI ENVIRONMENT & WATER, INC. www.ekiconsult.com
2001 Junipero Serra Blvd, Suite 300 • Daly City, CA 94014
EXHIBIT A
2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
PUBLIC DRAFT | May 2026
Prepared for:
City of Rohnert Park
Prepared by:
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.
2001 Junipero Serra Blvd., Suite 300
Daly City, California 94014
(650) 292-9100
www.ekiconsult.com
C50233.00
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2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
City of Rohnert Park
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………………………….ES-1
1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.1 Background and Purpose ................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Urban Water Management Planning and CWC ............................................................... 1-1
1.3 Plan Organization ............................................................................................................. 1-2
1.4 UWMP Relationship to Other Efforts .............................................................................. 1-3
1.4.1 Relationship to the City’s General Plan ........................................................ 1-3
1.4.2 Relationship to the Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater Management Plan ....... 1-3
1.4.3 Relationship to the Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater Sustainability Plan ....... 1-3
1.5 Special Considerations ..................................................................................................... 1-3
1.5.1 Demonstration of Consistency with the Delta Plan for Participants in
Covered Actions ............................................................................................ 1-3
1.5.2 Permitting for Ocean Desalination Projects ................................................. 1-4
2 PLAN PREPARATION ............................................................................................................. 2-1
2.1 Basis for Preparing the UWMP ........................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Individual or Regional Plan .............................................................................................. 2-2
2.3 Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure ................................................................. 2-2
2.4 Standard Submittal Tables and Alignment with UWMP Act Requirements .................... 2-3
2.5 Coordination and Outreach ............................................................................................. 2-3
2.5.1 Wholesale and Retail Coordination .............................................................. 2-4
2.5.2 Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community .............................. 2-4
2.5.3 Notice to Cities and Counties........................................................................ 2-5
3 SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1 General Description ......................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Service Area Climate ........................................................................................................ 3-3
3.3 Service Area Population and Demographics .................................................................... 3-5
3.3.1 Future Employment Growth ......................................................................... 3-6
3.3.2 Other Social, Economic, and Demographic Factors ...................................... 3-6
3.4 Land Uses within Service Area ......................................................................................... 3-8
3.5 Water Distribution System ............................................................................................ 3-11
4 WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION .......................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Non-Potable Versus Potable Water Use .......................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Water Use Sectors ........................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3 Past and Current Water Demand .................................................................................... 4-3
4.4 Distribution System Water Loss ....................................................................................... 4-5
4.5 Projected Water Demand ................................................................................................ 4-8
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4.5.1 Basis of Demand Projections ........................................................................ 4-8
4.5.2 Water Savings from Codes, Standards, Ordinances, or Transportation
and Land Use Plans ....................................................................................... 4-9
4.5.3 Projected Total Water Demand .................................................................. 4-10
4.5.4 Water Use by Lower Income Households ................................................... 4-11
4.5.5 Characteristic Five-Year Water Use ............................................................ 4-11
4.6 Water Use Sectors Not Included in Demand Projections .............................................. 4-13
4.7 Coordinating Water Use Projections ............................................................................. 4-13
4.8 Urban Water Use Objective ........................................................................................... 4-14
5 SB X7-7 BASELINE, 2020 TARGET, AND 2025 REPORTING ...................................................... 5-1
6 NORMAL YEAR WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION ............................................................ 6-1
6.1 Purchased Water ............................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1.1 Past and Current Sonoma Water Supply ...................................................... 6-1
6.1.2 Sonoma Water’s Water Rights ...................................................................... 6-2
6.1.3 Hydrologic Modeling and Supply Sufficiency ................................................ 6-4
6.1.4 Future Sonoma Water Supply ....................................................................... 6-5
6.2 Groundwater .................................................................................................................... 6-6
6.2.1 Basin Description and Status ........................................................................ 6-6
6.2.2 Groundwater Quality .................................................................................... 6-7
6.2.3 Groundwater Management .......................................................................... 6-7
6.2.4 Historical Pumping and Supply Sufficiency ................................................... 6-8
6.2.5 Limitations to Groundwater Pumping and Overdraft Conditions ................ 6-9
6.2.6 Future Groundwater Pumping ...................................................................... 6-9
6.3 Surface Water .................................................................................................................. 6-9
6.4 Stormwater ...................................................................................................................... 6-9
6.5 Wastewater and Recycled Water .................................................................................... 6-9
6.5.1 Recycled Water Coordination ..................................................................... 6-10
6.5.2 Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal ...................................... 6-10
6.5.3 Recycled Water System and Recycled Water Beneficial Uses .................... 6-13
6.5.4 Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use ............... 6-15
6.6 Desalinated Water Opportunities .................................................................................. 6-15
6.7 Water Exchanges and Transfers .................................................................................... 6-16
6.8 Future Water Projects .................................................................................................... 6-16
6.9 Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water ..................................................... 6-18
6.10 Special Conditions .......................................................................................................... 6-20
6.10.1 Climate Change Effects ............................................................................... 6-20
6.10.2 Regulatory Conditions and Project Development ...................................... 6-21
6.10.3 Other Locally Applicable Criteria ................................................................ 6-21
6.11 Energy Intensity ............................................................................................................. 6-21
7 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT ............................................................................ 7-1
7.1 Constraints on Water Sources ......................................................................................... 7-1
7.1.1 Supply Availability ......................................................................................... 7-1
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7.1.2 Water Quality ................................................................................................ 7-2
7.1.3 Climate Change ............................................................................................. 7-3
7.2 Reliability by Type of Year ................................................................................................ 7-3
7.3 Supply and Demand Assessment ..................................................................................... 7-5
7.4 Normal Year Supply and Demand Assessment ................................................................ 7-5
7.4.1 Single-Dry Year Supply and Demand Assessment ........................................ 7-6
7.4.2 Multiple Dry Year Supply and Demand Assessment ..................................... 7-7
7.5 Water Supply Management Tools and Options ............................................................... 7-9
7.6 Drought Risk Assessment ................................................................................................. 7-9
7.6.1 Data, Methods, and Basis for Water Shortage Condition ............................ 7-9
7.6.2 Drought Risk Assessment Individual Water Source Reliability ................... 7-10
7.6.3 Drought Risk Assessment Total Water Supply and Use Comparison ......... 7-10
8 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLANNING ...................................................................... 8-1
9 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES ................................................................................... 9-1
9.1 Regional Water Conservation .......................................................................................... 9-1
9.2 City Water Conservation .................................................................................................. 9-3
9.2.1 DMM 1 – Water Waste Prevention Ordinances ........................................... 9-4
9.2.2 DMM 2 – Metering ....................................................................................... 9-4
9.2.3 DMM 3 – Conservation Pricing ..................................................................... 9-4
9.2.4 DMM 4 – Public Education and Outreach .................................................... 9-5
9.2.5 DMM 5 – Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real
Loss ............................................................................................................... 9-5
9.2.6 DMM 6 – Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing
Support ......................................................................................................... 9-6
9.2.7 DMM 7 – Other Demand Management Measures ....................................... 9-6
9.3 Implementation over the Past Five Years ........................................................................ 9-7
9.4 Member of the California Water Efficiency Partnership (Formerly CUWCC) .................. 9-7
10 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION ...................................................... 10-1
10.1 Inclusion of All 2025 Data .............................................................................................. 10-1
10.2 Notice of Public Hearing ................................................................................................ 10-1
10.2.1 Notice to Cities and Counties...................................................................... 10-2
10.2.2 Notice to the Public .................................................................................... 10-2
10.3 Public Hearing and Adoption ......................................................................................... 10-3
10.4 Plan Submittal ................................................................................................................ 10-3
10.5 Public Availability ........................................................................................................... 10-4
10.6 Amending an Adopted UWMP or Water Shortage Contingency Plan ........................... 10-4
11 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 11-1
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TABLES
Table 2-1 Public Water Systems (DWR Table 2-1) ........................................................................... 2-2
Table 2-2 Plan Identification (DWR Table 2-2) ................................................................................ 2-2
Table 2-3 Supplier Identification (DWR Table 2-3) .......................................................................... 2-3
Table 2-4 Water Supplier Information Exchange (DWR Table 2-4) ................................................. 2-4
Table 3-1 Climate Characteristics .................................................................................................... 3-3
Table 3-2 Population – Current and Projected (DWR Table 3-1) ..................................................... 3-5
Table 3-3 Employment – Current and Projected ............................................................................. 3-6
Table 3-4 Demographic and Housing Characteristics, 2020-2024 ................................................... 3-7
Table 4-1 2025 Actual Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water (DWR Table 4-1) ............... 4-4
Table 4-2 Water Loss Audit Reporting Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(A) (DWR Table 4-5) ........ 4-6
Table 4-3 Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard (DWR Table 4-6) ...................................... 4-7
Table 4-4 Projected Total Water Demand and Projected Passive and Active Water Conservation 4-9
Table 4-5 Total Uses of Potable and Non-Potable Water – Projected (DWR Table 4-2) ............... 4-10
Table 4-6 Inclusion in Water Use Projections (DWR Table 4-3) .................................................... 4-10
Table 4-7 Characteristic Five-Year Water Use (AF) ........................................................................ 4-12
Table 4-8 Current and Projected Urban Water Use Objectives Compliance ................................. 4-15
Table 5-1 SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress (DWR Table 5-1) ............................................................... 5-2
Table 6-1 Future Sonoma Water Supply .......................................................................................... 6-5
Table 6-2 Groundwater Volume Pumped (DWR Table 6-1) ............................................................ 6-9
Table 6-3 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 (DWR Table 6-2) .......................... 6-11
Table 6-4 Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 (DWR Table 6-
3) .................................................................................................................................... 6-12
Table 6-5 Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area (DWR Table 6-4) .............. 6-14
Table 6-6 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual (DWR Table 6-5)
....................................................................................................................................... 6-15
Table 6-7 Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use (DWR Table 6-6) .......................... 6-15
Table 6-8 Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs (DWR Table 6-7) ........................ 6-17
Table 6-9 Water Supplies – 2025 Actual (DWR Table 6-8) ............................................................ 6-18
Table 6-10 Water Supplies – Projected (DWR Table 6-9) ................................................................ 6-19
Table 6-11b Recommended Energy Reporting: Single Delivery Product, Total Utility Approach (DWR
Table O-1B) .................................................................................................................... 6-22
Table 7-1 Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) (DWR Table 7-1) ............................... 7-4
Table 7-2 Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-2) .................................... 7-6
Table 7-3 Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-3) ................................ 7-6
Table 7-4 Five Consecutive Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-4) ............. 7-8
Table 7-5 Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Tables (DWR Table 7-5) ........................................ 7-10
Table 8-1 Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels (DWR Table 8-1) .................. 8-1
Table 8-2 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (DWR Table 8-2) ............................................. 8-2
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Table 8-3 Demand Reduction Actions (DWR Table 8-3) .................................................................. 8-3
Table 10-1 Notification to Cities and Counties (DWR Table 10-1) ................................................... 10-2
FIGURES
Figure 3-1 City Location and Service Boundaries .............................................................................. 3-2
Figure 3-2 Average Monthly Climatic Conditions ............................................................................. 3-4
Figure 3-3 Observed and Forecasted Temperature for Rohnert Park .............................................. 3-4
Figure 3-4 Population – Historic and Project .................................................................................... 3-6
Figure 3-5 City Intended Future Land Uses ..................................................................................... 3-10
Figure 3-6 City Potable Water System .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-7 City Recycled Water System ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4-1 Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water - 2016 – 2025 Actual ............................ 4-4
Figure 4-2 Total Per Capita Water Use – 2011-2025 Actual ............................................................. 4-5
APPENDICES
Appendix A Completed UWMP Checklist
Appendix B UWMP Preparation Notification Letters
Appendix C Public Hearing Notices
Appendix D 2025 Water Demand Analysis and Water Conservation Measures Update
Appendix E City of Rohnert Park 2040 General Plan Climate Change Element
Appendix F Santa Rosa Plain GSP DWR Acceptance Letter
Appendix G 2004 Water Policy Resolution
Appendix H 2005 Water Supply Assessment
Appendix I 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Appendix J UWMP and WSCP Adoption Resolution
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AB Assembly Bill
ac-ft acre-feet
ac-ft/yr acre-feet per year
ACS American Community Survey
AF acre-feet
AFY acre-feet per year
AMI advanced metering infrastructure
ASR aquifer storage and recovery
AWE Alliance for Water Efficiency
AWWA American Water Works Association
BMPs best management practices
CalGreen California Green Building Standards Code
CalWEP California Water Efficiency Partnership
CCR California Code of Regulations
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CGC California Government Code
CII commercial, industrial, and institutional
CIMIS California Irrigation Management Information System
CMIP5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
CTS California Tiger Salamander
CUWCC California Urban Water Conservation Council
CWC California Water Code
DDW Division of Drinking Water
DMM demand management measures
DRA Drought Risk Assessment
DWR Department of Water Resources
EC electrical conductance
EIR environmental impact report
EO Executive Order
ET evapotranspiration
FIRO Forecast-Informed Reservoir Operations
ft/yr feet per year
GHG greenhouse gas
GPCD gallons per capita per day
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gpm gallons per minute
GPSCD gallons per service connection per day
GSA Groundwater Sustainability Agencies
GSP Groundwater Sustainability Plans
HECW high-efficiency clothes washer
HOA homeowners’ association
kWh kilowatt-hour
kWh/vol kilowatt-hours per volume
LHMP Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
LOCA Localized Constructed Analogs
MCCWL Making Conservation a California Way of Life
MCL maximum contaminant level
MFR multi-family residential
MG million gallons
mg/L milligrams per liter
MGD million gallons per day
MOU memorandum of understanding
MWELO Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
PG&E Pacific Gas and Electric
PVID Potter Valley Irrigation District
PVP Potter Valley Project
PWS Public Water Systems
QWEL Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper
RCP Representative Concentration Pathways
RR ResSim Russian River System Model
RHNA Regional Housing Needs Assessment
RPMs Reasonable and Prudent Measures
SB Senate Bill
SCWA Sonoma County Water Agency
SFR single family residential
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
SMSWP Sonoma Marin Saving Water Partnership
SPA Specific Plan Area
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SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board
TAC Technical Advisory Committee
USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
USGS United States Geological Survey
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
UWUO Urban Water Use Objective
WAC Water Advisory Committee
WSA Water Supply Assessment
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
WUE water use efficiency
WWTP wastewater treatment plant
WY water years
μmhos/cm micromhos per centimeter
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Executive Summary City of Rohnert Park
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP or Plan) is prepared for the City of Rohnert Park (City), which
serves drinking water and recycled water to a population of approximately 45,853 in central Sonoma
County, approximately 50 miles north of San Francisco. The City receives its wholesale potable water from
the Sonoma County Water Agency (Sonoma Water), its wholesale recycled water from the Santa Rosa
Subregional Water Reclamation System (Santa Rosa Water), and also uses groundwater from the Santa
Rosa Plain Subbasin as part of its potable supply. This UWMP serves as a foundational planning document
and includes descriptions of the City's historical and projected water demands, as well as its water supplies
and their associated reliability over a 25-year planning horizon through 2050. This document also
describes the actions the City is taking to promote water conservation (referred to as "demand
management measures") and includes a plan to address potential water supply shortages such as drought
or other impacts to supply availability (the "Water Shortage Contingency Plan"). This UWMP is updated
every five years in accordance with state requirements under the Urban Water Management Planning Act
(Division 6 Part 2.6 of the California Water Code [CWC] §§10610–10657). Past plans developed for the
City are available on the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Water Use Efficiency Data
Portal website: https://wuedata.water.ca.gov/. This document includes 11 chapters, which are
summarized below.
Chapter 1 – Overview
This chapter presents the background and purpose of the UWMP and identifies the Plan organization.
Chapter 1 also provides a summary of how the UWMP relates to other planning efforts, which include the
City's 2040 General Plan, the Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater Management Plan, and the Santa Rosa Plain
Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP). As such, the Delta Plan consistency demonstration is not
applicable to the City, and the City does not anticipate the need for an ocean desalination project given
that sufficient water supplies are available to meet projected demands through the 2050 planning
horizon.
Chapter 2 – Plan Preparation
This chapter discusses key structural aspects related to the preparation of the UWMP and describes the
coordination and outreach conducted as part of Plan preparation, including coordination with wholesale
suppliers and local agencies. The City also coordinated with the Santa Rosa Plain GSA, North Marin Water
District, Valley of the Moon Water District, and Marin Municipal Water District, and provided a 60-Day
Notice to relevant cities, counties, and the public more than 60 days prior to the public hearing held on
June 9th, 2026.
Chapter 3 – Service Area Description
This chapter provides a description of the City's water system and service area, including information
related to the climate, population, and demographics. The City's service area population was 45,853 in
2025 and is projected to grow to 68,233 by 2050. The City is located in the Russian River watershed. The
climate and hydrology of the region is tempered by its proximity to the Pacific Ocean and is characterized
by cool damp winters and warmer, drier summers. Climate change may result in increased average
temperatures, more severe droughts, and more intense storms.
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
This chapter provides a description and quantification of the City's current and projected demands
through 2050. The City provides drinking water (potable water) and recycled water to customers across
single-family residential, multi-family residential, commercial/industrial/institutional, and landscape
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Executive Summary City of Rohnert Park
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irrigation sectors. Total demand for water in the City in 2025 was 5,546 AF. Accounting for historical water
use, expected population growth, passive water conservation savings, and other assumptions, total water
demand is projected to increase to 7,564 AF by 2050.
Chapter 5 – SB X7-7 Baseline, 2020 Target, and 2025 Reporting
In this chapter, the City demonstrates compliance with its per capita water use target for the year 2020.
The Water Conservation Act of 2009 (Senate Bill X7-7) required each urban retail water supplier to reduce
its baseline per capita water use by 20% by 2020.
Chapter 6 – Normal Year Water Supply Characterization
This chapter presents an analysis of the City's water supplies and an estimate of water-related energy
consumption. The City's long-term water supply portfolio is comprised of three sources: purchased water
from Sonoma Water, local groundwater from the Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin, and recycled water from
Santa Rosa Water. The City has a contract with SCWA that allocates 7,500 AFY to the City, however, the
City expects it can reliably receive up to 6,250 AFY. Groundwater pumping is limited to 2,577 AFY per the
City's 2004 Water Policy Resolution, and the City's recycled water allocation from Santa Rosa Water is
capped at 1,350 AFY. The City does not anticipate any new or expanded water supply projects, as existing
supplies are sufficient to meet projected demands through 2050.
Chapter 7 – Water Supply Reliability Assessment
This chapter assesses the reliability of the City's water supplies, with a specific focus on potential
constraints such as supply availability, water quality, and climate change. The City balances its three
supply sources using a conjunctive use strategy, which provides a reliable and resilient water supply
portfolio. A Drought Risk Assessment was also conducted, evaluating the effects of an assumed five-year
drought from 2026 through 2030. Both the long-term reliability assessment and Drought Risk Assessment
indicate that the City’s water supply is expected to meet demand in normal and drought years.
Chapter 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Planning
This chapter describes the Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) for the City, which is included as
Appendix I to this UWMP. The WSCP serves as a standalone document to be engaged in the case of a
water shortage event, such as a drought or supply interruption, and defines specific policies and actions
that will be implemented at various shortage levels.
Chapter 9 – Demand Management Measures
This chapter includes descriptions of the City's past and planned conservation program implementation
within each demand management measure (DMM) category outlined in the UWMP Act. The City
implements a wide range of DMMs, including water waste prevention ordinances, full metering of all
connections, a tiered conservation rate structure, public education and outreach through the Sonoma-
Marin Saving Water Partnership (SMSWP), distribution system water loss management, and staffing
support for conservation programs. The City intends to continue implementing these DMMs and will
evaluate potential adjustments as needed to comply with evolving state water efficiency requirements.
Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
This chapter provides information on the public hearing process, the adoption process for the 2025 UWMP
and WSCP, the submittal process, and the process for amending the adopted documents.
Chapter 11 – References
This chapter contains a list of documents referenced throughout the UWMP.
Chapter 1 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Overview City of Rohnert Park
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1 OVERVIEW
The City of Rohnert Park (City) is located in central Sonoma County, approximately 50 miles north of San
Francisco. The City provides water service to just over 10,000 service connections in the North Coast
Hydrologic Region and meets the definition of an “urban water supplier” as outlined in California Water
Code Section 10610 et. seq. The City receives its wholesale potable water from the Sonoma County Water
Agency (Sonoma Water or SCWA), its wholesale recycled water from the Santa Rosa Subregional Water
Reclamation System (Santa Rosa Water) and also uses groundwater from the Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin
of the Santa Rosa Valley Groundwater Basin as part of its potable supply.
This 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP or Plan) was prepared by the City in order to comply
with the requirements of the California Water Code (CWC). In addition to meeting the requirements of
state law, the City will use this UWMP as a foundational document for the preparation of Water Supply
Assessments (CWC §10631) and Water Supply Verifications (CWC §66473.7) for new development.
This chapter discusses the importance and uses of this UWMP, the relationship of this Plan to the CWC,
the relationship of this Plan to other local and regional planning efforts, and how this Plan is organized
and developed in general accordance with the California Department of Water Resources’ (DWR) 2025
UWMP Guidebook.
1.1 Background and Purpose
This UWMP is a foundational document and source of information about the City’s historical and
projected water demands, water supplies, supply reliability and potential vulnerabilities, water shortage
contingency planning, and demand management programs. Among other things, it is used as:
• A long-range planning document for water supply and system planning; and
• A source for data on population, housing, water demands, water supplies, and capital
improvement projects used in:
- Regional water resource management plans prepared by wholesale water suppliers and
other regional planning authorities (as applicable),
- General Plans prepared by cities and counties, and
- Statewide and broad regional water resource plans prepared by DWR, the State Water
Resources Control Board (SWRCB), or other state agencies.
The City’s last UWMP was adopted in 2021, referred to herein as the “2020 UWMP.” This Plan is an update
to the 2020 UWMP, carries forward information from that plan that remains current and relevant, and
provides additional information as required by subsequent amendments to the UWMP Act (CWC §10610-
10657). Although this Plan is an update to the 2020 UWMP, it was developed to be a self-contained, stand-
alone document and does not require readers to reference information contained in previous UWMP
updates.
1.2 Urban Water Management Planning and CWC
The Urban Water Management Planning Act (Act) requires each urban water supplier with 3,000 or more
connections, or which supplies at least 3,000 acre-feet per year (AFY) of water, to submit a UWMP to DWR
every five years. The City has over 10,000 connections and meets the definition of an “urban water
supplier”.
The Act specifies the required content of each UWMP and allows for the level of detail provided in each
UWMP to reflect the size and complexity of the water supplier. The Act requires projections in five-year
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increments for a minimum of 20 years. This UWMP considers a 25-year planning horizon through year
2050.
Over the years, the Act has been amended in response to water resource challenges and planning
imperatives confronting California. A significant amendment was made in 2009 following the Governor’s
call for a statewide 20% reduction in urban water use by 2020, referred to as the Water Conservation Act
of 2009, or “SB X7-7.” This amendment required urban retail water suppliers to establish water use targets
for 2015 and 2020 that would result in statewide water savings of 20% by 2020. Beginning in 2016, urban
retail water suppliers were required to comply with the water conservation requirements in SB X7-7 to be
eligible for state water grants or loans. Chapter 5 of this Plan contains the data and calculations used to
determine compliance with these requirements. Additionally, SB 606/AB 1688 set new requirements for
urban water suppliers to further increase water use efficiency beyond SB X7-7. Beginning in 2024,
agencies were required to report an annual Urban Water Use Objective (UWUO). Chapter 5 of this Plan
also documents the City’s progress in meeting the UWUOs.
In 2016, Governor Brown signed Executive Order (EO) B-37-16 Making Conservation a California Way of
Life (MCCWL). Subsequently, the Legislature passed Senate Bill (SB) 606 and Assembly Bill (AB) 1668,
which added new drought planning requirements, including:
1) Additional Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) requirements (CWC §10640),
2) Drought risk assessments to assess water supply reliability in UWMPs for a drought period lasting
five consecutive water years (WY) (CWC §10635(b)), and
3) Annual water supply and demand assessments to determine water supply reliability for the
current year and one subsequent dry year (CWC §10632(a)).
These elements are included in Chapter 7 and Chapter 8 of this Plan.
The UWMP Act contains numerous other requirements that a UWMP must satisfy. Appendix A lists each
of these requirements and where in the Plan they are addressed.
The Act specifically exempts UWMPs from review under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)1.
1.3 Plan Organization
The organization of this Plan follows the same sequence as outlined in the 2025 UWMP Guidebook.
• Chapter 1 Overview
• Chapter 2 Plan Preparation
• Chapter 3 Service Area Description
• Chapter 4 Water Use Characterization
• Chapter 5 SB X7-7 Baseline, 2020 Target, and 2025 Reporting
• Chapter 6 Normal Year Water Supply Characterization
• Chapter 7 Water Supply Reliability Assessment
• Chapter 8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning
• Chapter 9 Demand Management Measures
• Chapter 10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
• Chapter 11 References
In addition to these chapters, this Plan includes appendices providing supporting documentation and
supplemental information. Pursuant to CWC §10644(a)(2), this Plan utilizes the standardized forms,
1 Water Code Section 10652
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tables, and displays developed by DWR for the reporting of water use and supply information required by
the UWMP Act. This Plan also includes additional tables, figures, and maps to augment the set developed
by DWR, as appropriate. The table headers indicate if the table is part of DWR’s standardized set of
submittal tables. A lay description of the UWMP, including information related to water service reliability,
potential issues, and strategies for managing reliability risks, is provided at the beginning of this UWMP.
1.4 UWMP Relationship to Other Efforts
This Plan provides information specific to water management and planning within the City’s service area.
However, water management does not happen in isolation; there are other planning processes that
integrate with the UWMP to accomplish urban planning.
1.4.1 Relationship to the City’s General Plan
The City’s General Plan to covers a planning horizon through 2040. The City has experienced growth in
several of its defined Specific Plan Areas and Planned Development Areas and anticipates that this growth
will continue. The growth projections in this UWMP are based on land use, population and employment
projections from the City’s 2040 General Plan which was adopted in 28 April 2026.
1.4.2 Relationship to the Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater Management Plan
In October 2014, the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors adopted the Santa Rosa Plain Watershed
Groundwater Management Plan (Groundwater Management Plan). This voluntary groundwater
management plan was developed in accordance with the requirements of CWC 10750 et. seq. (the
Groundwater Management Act) and includes a series of implementation strategies to better monitor,
model and manage groundwater in the Santa Rosa Plain. This Groundwater Management Plan concluded
that there was a possibility that future groundwater demands could exceed the budget for the basin,
however recent monitoring efforts demonstrate generally stable or rising groundwater levels throughout
the basin. The work initiated through the Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater Management is being continued
by the Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater Sustainability Agency.
1.4.3 Relationship to the Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater Sustainability Plan
In 2017, as a result of the requirements of the Groundwater Sustainability Act of 2014, the eligible
water suppliers in the Santa Rosa Plain groundwater basin joined together to form the Santa Rosa
Plain Groundwater Sustainability Agency (Santa Rosa Plain GSA). The Santa Rosa Plain GSA built on
the work started with the 2014 Groundwater Management Plan to develop a Groundwater
Sustainability Plan that was completed in 2021 and accepted by DWR in 2022. In order to monitor
the sustainability of its groundwater supply, the City has monitored groundwater levels in and
around its wellfield for over a decade. This data, along with the City’s groundwater demand
projection, have been provided to the GSA to support its work.
1.5 Special Considerations
This Plan includes information beyond the requirements of the UWMP Act to support other regulatory
processes that rely on UWMP data, including the Delta Plan and permitting for ocean desalination
projects.
1.5.1 Demonstration of Consistency with the Delta Plan for Participants in Covered Actions
Although not required by the UWMP Act, in the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, DWR recommends that all
suppliers that are participating in, or may participate in, receiving water from a proposed project that is
considered a “covered action” under The Delta Plan by the Delta Stewardship Council—such as a
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(1) multiyear water transfer, (2) conveyance facility, or (3) new diversion that involves transferring water
through, exporting water from, or using water in the Delta—provide information in their UWMP to
demonstrate consistency with the Delta Plan Policy WR P1, Reduce Reliance on the Delta Through
Improved Regional Water Self-Reliance (California Code of Regulations [CCR], Title 23, Section 5003).
The City’s primary source of water supply is imported water from the Sonoma Water Russian River Project,
supplemented by local groundwater, and therefore the City does not receive water or plan to receive
water from a “covered action” under the Delta Plan. As such, this requirement is not applicable.
1.5.2 Permitting for Ocean Desalination Projects
California’s Water Supply Strategy: Adapting to a Hotter, Drier Future updates state priorities to address
water supply shortages due to long-term drought and the accelerating impacts of climate change,
including identifying opportunities to access new water sources such as ocean desalination. To streamline
permitting for ocean desalination projects, the Seawater Desalination Siting and Streamlining Report to
Expedite Permitting recommends that UWMPs clearly demonstrate the need for future or proposed ocean
desalination projects.
As discussed in Chapters 6 and 7, the City has sufficient water supplies available to meet projected
demands through the 2050 planning horizon and does not anticipate the need for an ocean desalination
project. Therefore, the City will not pursue ocean desalination to augment its supply portfolio.
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2 PLAN PREPARATION
This chapter discusses the type of UWMP prepared by the City and includes information that apply
throughout the Plan. It also summarizes coordination and outreach during Plan development.
2.1 Basis for Preparing the UWMP
An urban water supplier is defined in CWC §10617 as a supplier, either publicly or privately owned,
providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to 3,000 customers or supplying more
than 3,000 AFY.
The City operates the Public Water Systems (PWS) listed in Table 2-1. PWSs are the systems that provide
drinking water for human consumption and are regulated by the SWRCB, Division of Drinking Water. The
SWRCB requires that water agencies report water use and other relevant PWS information via the
electronic Annual Reports to the Drinking Water Program (eARDWP). These data are used by the state to
determine, among other things, whether an urban retail water supplier has reached the threshold for
submitting a UWMP. In 2025, the City provided water to 10,550 accounts and supplied 5,441 AF of water
(Table 2-1). The City is therefore subject to the requirements of the UWMP Act.
CWC §10617
“Urban water supplier” means a supplier, either publicly or privately owned, providing water for municipal
purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of
water annually. An urban water supplier includes a supplier or contractor for water, regardless of the basis of
right, which distributes or sells for ultimate resale to customers. This part applies only to water supplied from
public water systems subject to Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 116275) of Part 12 of Division 104 of the
Health and Safety Code.
CWC §10608.12
(t) “Urban retail water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides
potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable
water annually at retail for municipal purposes.
(w) “Urban wholesale water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that provides
more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually at wholesale for potable municipal purposes.
CWC §10620
(b) Every person that becomes an urban water supplier shall adopt an urban water management plan within one
year after it has become an urban water supplier.
CWC §10621
(a) Each urban water supplier shall update its plan at least once every five years on or before July 1, in years
ending in six and one, incorporating updated and new information from the five years preceding each update.
California Health and Safety Code §116275
(h) “Public Water System” means a system for the provision of water for human consumption through pipes or
other constructed conveyances that has 15 or more service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals
daily at least 60 days out of the year.
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Table 2-1 Public Water Systems (DWR Table 2-1)
Has there been a change in the number of affiliated PWSs since the 2020
UWMP? (OPTIONAL)
No
PWS Number PWS Name Number of Municipal
Connections 2025
Volume of
Water Supplied
2025 (AF)
CA4910014 City of Rohnert Park 10,550 5,546
Total 10,550 5,546
2.2 Individual or Regional Plan
Urban water suppliers may elect to prepare individual or regional UWMPs. The City has elected to prepare
an individual UWMP (Table 2-2).
The cities of Santa Rosa, Rohnert Park, Sonoma, Cotati, and Petaluma, the Town of Windsor, North Marin
Water District, Valley of the Moon Water District, Marin Municipal Water District, California-American
Water Company and Sonoma Water formed the Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership (Partnership)
in 2010. The Partnership has grown to 13 water utilities by adding the cities of Cloverdale and Healdsburg.
The purpose of the Partnership is to establish financial obligations for conservation activities, to identify
and recommend implementation of water conservation projects and to maximize implementation of cost-
effective projects for the Partnership members. The Partnership coordinates all water use efficiency
focused media buys in the region and provides support to members that need additional assistance with
implementing local programs and/or meeting conservation targets. The Partnership, referred to as the
North Marin-Sonoma Alliance in the UWMP, also serves as a “regional alliance” for the purpose of
reporting baseline and targets under the Water Conservation Act of 2009.
Table 2-2 Plan Identification (DWR Table 2-2)
Type of Plan Name of Regional Alliance or
RUWMP
☒ Individual UWMP
☒ Water Supplier is also a member of a
SB X7-7 Regional Alliance North Marin-Sonoma Alliance
☐ RUWMP
2.3 Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure
Per CWC §10617, the City is an urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than
3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually. It is therefore obligated
under CWC §10621(f) to develop and submit an UWMP to DWR by July 1, 2026. The City is an urban retail
water supplier, as defined by CWC §10608.12(t) and §10617, and as identified in Table 2-3. The City is not
a wholesale water supplier.
Annual volumes of water reported in this UWMP are measured in AF and are reported on a calendar year
basis (Table 2-3). Water use and planning data reported in this UWMP for calendar year 2025 cover the
full twelve months of the year, as required by the UWMP Guidelines.
CWC §10608.20
(a)(1) Urban retail water suppliers … may determine the targets on a fiscal year or calendar year basis.
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Per the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the UWMP preparer is requested to complete a checklist of specific
UWMP requirements to assist the DWR review of the submitted UWMP. The completed checklist is
included in Appendix A.
Table 2-3 Supplier Identification (DWR Table 2-3)
Type of Supplier
☐ Supplier is a wholesale supplier.
☒ Supplier is a retail supplier.
Fiscal or Calendar Year
☒ UWMP tables are in calendar years.
☐ UWMP tables are in fiscal years (fiscal year begins: mm/dd).
Units of measure used in UWMP
Unit AF
2.4 Standard Submittal Tables and Alignment with UWMP Act Requirements
The Plan has been prepared in general accordance with the format suggested in DWR’s 2025 UWMP
Guidebook. Text from the UWMP Act has been included in text boxes at the beginning of relevant sections
of this UWMP. The information presented in the respective UWMP sections, and the associated text,
figures, and charts are collectively intended to fulfill the requirements of that subsection of the UWMP
Act. To the extent practicable, supporting documentation has also been provided in Appendices A
through J. Other sources for the information contained herein are provided in the references section of
the document.
Per CWC §10644(a)(2), selected information for the UWMP updates must be presented in standardized
tables for electronic submittal to DWR. Text and tables in the main body of the UWMP document have
been cross-referenced to the companion DWR tables. UWMP preparers are also requested to complete a
checklist of specific UWMP requirements to assist the DWR review of the submitted UWMP. The
completed checklist is included in Appendix A.
2.5 Coordination and Outreach
Coordination with other water suppliers, cities, counties, and community organizations in the region is an
important part of preparing the updated UWMP and WSCP. This section identifies the agencies and
organizations the City sought to coordinate with during the preparation of this Plan.
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2.5.1 Wholesale and Retail Coordination
In accordance with California Water Code Section 10631(j), the City has provided water use projections to
both its wholesale potable water supplier (Sonoma Water) and its wholesale recycled water supplier
(Santa Rosa Water). Table 2-4 summarizes this coordination.
The City meets at least monthly with its water wholesaler, Sonoma Water, and the other water
contractors. This monthly coordination has been instrumental in coordinating water supply and demand
analyses for the preparation of this document. The City and the other water contractors have worked
together to prepare a regional water demand and conservation analysis (see Chapter 4) and to achieve
regional water use reduction goals (see Chapter 5).
Chapter 10 provides more description of the public notification and outreach efforts that took place within
the City’s service area during the development and adoption of this 2025 UWMP. Noticing is included in
Appendix B.
Table 2-4 Water Supplier Information Exchange (DWR Table 2-4)
Wholesale Water Supplier Name
Sonoma County Water Agency
Santa Rosa Subregional System
2.5.2 Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community
The City coordinated with other regional agencies during preparation of this UWMP to ensure that data
and issues are presented accurately, including coordination with Santa Rosa Plain GSA, and other water
agencies within the region including North Marin Water District, Valley of the Moon Water District, and
Marin Municipal Water District (Marin Water). The City’s demand and supply forecast has also been
CWC §10631
(h) An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale
agency with water use projections from that agency for that source of water in five-year increments to 20 years
or as far as data is available. The wholesale agency shall provide information to the urban water supplier for
inclusion in the urban water supplier’s plan that identifies and quantifies, to the extent practicable, the existing
and planned sources of water as required by subdivision (b), available from the wholesale agency to the urban
water supplier over the same five-year increments, and during various water-year types in accordance with
subdivision.
(f) An urban water supplier may rely upon water supply information provided by the wholesale agency in fulfilling
the plan informational requirements of subdivisions (b) and (f).
CWC §10620
(d)(3) Each urban water supplier shall coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in
the area, including other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant
public agencies, to the extent practicable.
CWC §10642
Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic
elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of both the plan and the
water shortage contingency plan…
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prepared in close coordination with City’s planning departments and has been integrated with the City’s
planning efforts. Copies of correspondence with the agencies are provided in Appendix B.
2.5.3 Notice to Cities and Counties
The City provided a 60 Day Notice to the entities and the communities it serves more than 60 days prior
to the public hearing it held on 26 May 2026, informing them that the Plan was going to be reviewed and
updated. The 60 Day Notice recipients are listed in Chapter 10 (Table 10-1), and copies of correspondence
with the agencies are provided in Appendix B.
The City also sought public participation and notified the public of its intent to adopt its UWMP through a
public hearing and notices to members of the community. Additional information on public participation,
including information on notifications, is provided in Chapter 10 and in Appendix C.
CWC §10621
(b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the
public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides
water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes
to the plan.
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3 SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
This chapter describes the City’s water system and service area, including climate, population,
demographics, and land uses to help in understanding various elements of water supply and demand.
3.1 General Description
The water service area under consideration in this UWMP is bounded by the City’s Sphere of Influence as
outlined in its 2040 General Plan. The City does not have outside service area connections. The City’s
service area, including the various planning areas, is illustrated in Figure 3-1.
Additionally, while the City’s Sphere of Influence includes Sonoma State University and the reservation
lands of the Federated Indians of the Graton Rancheria, both have their own potable water systems and
are not served by the City. The City does provide recycled water service to Sonoma State University.
The City’s water supplies and water systems are governed by various agreements and governance
structures. The City’s retail water systems are governed by a five-member City Council which includes a
mayor. The City receives wholesale water from Sonoma Water, which is governed by a Board of Directors
composed of the members of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors. The relationship between Sonoma
Water and its water contractors, including the City, is outlined in the Restructured Agreement for Water
Supply (Restructured Agreement). The agreement provides for a Water Advisory Committee (WAC) to
advise Sonoma Water’s Board of Directors on policy issues. The WAC representatives for the City are one
Council member and one alternate Council member selected by the Council. The WAC is limited to an
advisory role.
Santa Rosa Water, which is the City’s wholesale supplier of recycled water, is managed and operated by
the City of Santa Rosa. Santa Rosa Water treats, recycles and disposes of wastewater generated by the
cities of Santa Rosa, Cotati, Rohnert Park and Sebastopol and the South Park County Sanitation District.
The relationship between the City of Santa Rosa and the other partners is defined by the Agreement
between the City of Santa Rosa and the City of Rohnert Park, City of Sebastopol, City of Cotati and South
Park County Sanitation District for the Use of Santa Rosa Subregional Sewage System dated April 3, 1975
and subsequently amended on September 1, 1987, October 20, 1987, December 1, 1994, July 1, 2002 and
November 19, 2008. Santa Rosa Water’s governance includes a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC). The
Rohnert Park Utilities Management Analyst serves as the TAC member for the subregional TAC.
The Santa Rosa Plain GSA is a Joint Powers Authority charged with ensuring compliance with the
Groundwater Sustainability Act. A member of the City Council sits on the Board of Directors of the GSA.
Sonoma Water provides the majority of the staff services for the GSA.
CWC §10631
(a) Describe the service area of the supplier…
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Figure 3-1 City Location and Service Boundaries
Source: City of Rohnert Park, Public General Plan 2040, Figure 4-6.
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3.2 Service Area Climate
The City is located in the Russian River watershed. The climate and hydrology of the Russian River
watershed directly affect the City because its wholesale supply from Sonoma Water is drawn from the
Russian River. The climate of the Russian River watershed is tempered by its proximity to the Pacific Ocean
and is characterized by cool damp winters and warmer, drier summers. Based on data downloaded from
the Western Regional Climate Center from 1902 to 2013, most rainfall occurs between October and April
(see Table 3-1 and Figure 3-2). On average, the City receives 30.1 inches of rainfall annually. Maximum
daily air temperature averages 72 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) while the minimum daily air temperature
averages 44°F.
Table 3-1 Climate Characteristics
Month Average Temperature Average Rainfall
(inches) ETo (inches) Min (°F) Max (°F)
January 36.7 57.3 6.20 1.18
February 39.2 61.8 5.32 1.78
March 40.3 65.2 4.09 3.13
April 42.1 69.4 2.06 4.38
May 45.6 74.0 0.97 5.55
June 49.2 79.9 0.26 6.23
July 50.5 82.5 0.03 6.45
August 50.3 82.8 0.08 5.80
September 49.2 82.6 0.38 4.61
October 45.5 79.9 1.60 3.29
November 40.2 66.5 3.64 1.63
December 37.1 58.1 5.50 1.05
Annual 44 72 30.1 45.1
NOTES:
(a) Rainfall and temperature data from Western Regional Climate Center data for Santa
Rosa 1902-2013
(b) ETo from California irrigation Management System (CIMIS) Monthly Average ET report
for Santa Rosa Station 83
According to the Cal-Adapt Local Climate Change Snapshot Tool, future projections for the City’s service
area (as represented by El Verano, CA) using Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA) downscaled Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models indicate an average increase in temperature of 3.3°F for
medium emissions (RCP 4.5) models and 4.1°F for high emissions (RCP 8.5) models by mid-century (2035-
2064) as shown in Figure 3-3 (Cal-Adapt, 2018). The Cal-Adapt temperature forecast shows that while
there is uncertainty in the magnitude of temperature change, there’s a strong likelihood that maximum
average temperature will increase. This increase in temperature is expected to result in longer, more
severe droughts, and more intense storms (State of California, 2024).
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Figure 3-2 Average Monthly Climatic Conditions
Figure 3-3 Observed and Forecasted Temperature for Rohnert Park
Impacts associated with climate change are discussed in the Sonoma County Operational Area Multi-
Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (County MJHMP), which is incorporated into this UWMP by
reference (Sonoma County, 2021). The County MJHMP assesses Sonoma County’s vulnerabilities to
various hazards and presents mitigation strategies that are planned over the next five years. Risks
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described in the County MJHMP include flooding, storms, wildfires, and coastal erosion that are
anticipated to occur due to climate change.
A further discussion of climate change impacts specific to the Sonoma Water system is provided in
the Sonoma County Water Agency Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (Sonoma Water LHMP), dated 19
September 2024, which is also incorporated into this UWMP by reference (Sonoma Water, 2024). The
Sonoma Water LHMP specifically assesses Sonoma Water’s natural hazard risks and vulnerabilities facing
the Sonoma Water infrastructure and provides a plan of action to address these vulnerabilities. As
described in the Sonoma Water LHMP, the most significant climate change-related vulnerabilities for
Sonoma Water are associated with floods, wildfires, landslides, and drought.
Climate change impacts on the City’s water demands are discussed in Chapter 4, while climate change
impacts on the City’s water supply are discussed in Chapter 6.
3.3 Service Area Population and Demographics
The City’s current and projected service area population are shown in Table 3-2 and Figure 3-4 in five-
year increments through 2050. The City’s service area population was 45,853 in 2025 according to
California Department of Finance population estimates for 2025. By 2050, the total population within
City’s service area is expected to be 68,233, which represents a 1.95 percent annual growth rate compared
to the 2025 population. These estimates are based on growth projections described in the City’s 2040
General Plan 2040 Environmental Impact Report (EIR) (Rohnert Park, 2025).
Table 3-2 Population – Current and Projected (DWR Table 3-1)
Population
Served
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
45,853 52,389 56,350 60,311 64,272 68,233
NOTES: 2025 Water Demand Analysis and Water Conservation Update, City of Rohnert Park, Table 5-2
Population and Employment Growth Projections (EKI, 2025)
CWC §10631
(a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population … other social, economic
and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning. The projected population
estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within
the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is
available.
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Figure 3-4 Population – Historic and Project
3.3.1 Future Employment Growth
Current and projected service area employment estimates from 2025 through 2050 are based on
projections described in the City’s 2040 General Plan EIR (Rohnert Park, 2026). As shown in Table 3-3,
employment is expected to increase at an average growth rate of 1.93 percent per year.
Table 3-3 Employment – Current and Projected
Service Area
Employment
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
15,996 17,538 19,079 20,620 22,161 23,703
NOTES: 2025 Water Demand Analysis and Water Conservation Update, City of Rohnert Park, Table 5-2
Population and Employment Growth Projections (EKI, 2025)
3.3.2 Other Social, Economic, and Demographic Factors
The City’s water service area is generally bounded by its Urban Growth Boundary and population
projections derived directly from land uses allowed by the City’s General Plan, which is described in
Section 3.4.
Current demographics for the City’s service area are summarized in Table 3-4. These data are from the
U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS) 2024 5-Year Estimates (U.S. Census Bureau, 2024).
Relative to the rest of California, the City’s population is similar in age and more racially diverse.
Attainment of higher education is lower than the rest of the state, while median household income is
higher.
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Po
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Historical Population Projected Population
Chapter 3 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Service Area Description City of Rohnert Park
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Table 3-4 Demographic and Housing Characteristics, 2020-2024
Demographics Rohnert Park California
Age and Sex
Persons under 5 years 5.8% 5.3%
Persons under 18 years 20.2% 21.3%
Persons 65 years and older 14.6% 16.5%
Female persons 51.6% 50.1%
Race and Hispanic Origin
White alone 56.5% 69.8%
Black or African American alone 2.1% 6.4%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone 1.4% 1.8%
Asian alone 6.9% 17.0%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0.8% 0.5%
Two or More Races 21.0% 4.4%
Hispanic or Latino 32.8% 40.8%
White alone, not Hispanic or Latino 51.4% 33.6%
Families & Living Arrangements
Persons per household 2.58 2.84
Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+ 83.7% 89.2%
Language other than English spoken at home, age 5 years+ 27.9% 44.1%
Education
High school graduate or higher, persons age 25 years+ 88.7% 84.7%
Bachelor’s degree or higher, persons age 25 years+ 30.5% 37.1%
Income & Poverty
Median Household Income (2024 dollars) $99,273 $96,334
Per capita income in past 12 months (2024 dollars) $48,108 $47,977
Persons in poverty 10.5% 11.8%
NOTES:
Through the 2040 General Plan, the City worked with its consultant (Mintier Harnish) to develop a series
of white papers on Rohnert Park’s “existing condition”. The bullet points below highlight the findings from
both the Land Use and Community Character white paper and the Economic Development white paper
and provide an overview of the demographic factors that will shape the community over time.
• Rohnert Park’s Urban Growth Boundary limits future development to prevent sprawl and
promote efficient and orderly growth patterns, stability and certainty in long-term planning. The
City’s growth management ordinance is designed to keep new residential growth at an average
of 1% per year and is currently achieving that average growth rate.
Chapter 3 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Service Area Description City of Rohnert Park
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• While much of the residential development in Rohnert Park consists of low-density single-family
homes, the City has a higher proportion of multifamily housing (55 percent) than the rest of
Sonoma County (25 percent).
• Most of the City’s future development capacity is within specific area plans and planned
developments (see Figure 3-1).
• Development west of Highway 101 and in the SOMO Village Planned Development is impacted by
the presence of the California Tiger Salamander (CTS), which is a federally endangered species
and a California species of special concern.
• In addition to the Federated Indians of the Graton Rancheria’s Resort and Casino, the Tribe owns
land within city limits, which it is working to bring into federal trust. Development west of Highway
101 will be influenced by the Tribe’s plans.
• After very slow growth from 2000 through 2015, housing construction has accelerated in Rohnert
Park. The City has added over 400 new housing units and 2,800 residents, due to new housing
development, increasing household sizes and reduced vacancies in existing units.
• Plan Bay Area 2040 projects about 4,600 new households for Rohnert Park between 2018 and
2040, which aligns with the City’s General Plan projections. The total buildout development
capacity in the City is close to 6,000 units, illustrating that City has sufficient land supply to
accommodate projected residential growth.
• The average wages and salaries for jobs in Rohnert Park are lower than both county and state
averages. Rohnert Park’s job base is heavily weighted towards retail, hospitality, and health
care/social assistance jobs that have a lot of low paying positions.
• Comparing projected job growth out to 2040 with the existing vacant land supply, there appears
to be an oversupply of retail land and a deficit of industrial and institutional (mainly for health
care) sites. The “Change Alternative” in the City’s 2040 General Plan , described briefly in Section
3.5, works to rebalance the nonresidential land supply.
• The majority of the City’s nearly 1,100 lodging rooms are classified as “Upper Midscale” and
above. Occupancy and room rates are growing, indicating support for additional hotel
development.
3.4 Land Uses within Service Area
General Plans are required by State law to guide land use and development within cities (California
Government Code [CGC] §65030.1). As noted above, the City’s water service area is bounded by its Sphere
of Influence as outlined in its 2040 General Plan. The City’s current primary land uses are primarily low-
density residential. Additional residential uses are planned as part of future developments, along with
growth in the CII sectors, parks, and mixed uses. Intended future land uses are shown in Figure 3-5.
The City’s 2040 General Plan identifies six major Specific Plan Areas (SPAs) and three major infill planned
developments (PDs or PDAs) which include:
• Northeast SPA
• Canon Manor SPA
CWC §10631
(a) ...The description shall include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service
area affecting the supplier’s water management planning. Urban water suppliers shall coordinate with local or
regional land use authorities to determine the most appropriate land use information, including, where
appropriate, land use information obtained from local or regional land use authorities…
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• University District SPA
• Wilfred Dowdell SPA
• Southeast SPA
• Northwest SPA
• Stadium Lands PD
• SOMO Village PD
• Central Rohnert Park PDA
The land uses, densities and population projections of 2040 General Plan have informed this UWMP and
water use projections take into account the anticipated development.
Chapter 3 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Service Area Description City of Rohnert Park
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Figure 3-5 City Intended Future Land Uses
Source: City of Rohnert Park 2040 General Plan, Figure 4-1
Chapter 3 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Service Area Description City of Rohnert Park
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3.5 Water Distribution System
The City’s water service area is approximately 6.4 square miles and serves residential, commercial,
industrial, institutional and irrigation needs. The City is at elevation 106 feet above mean sea level. The
distribution system consists of approximately 120 miles of water distribution system mains and two
pressure zones. Most of the distribution system mains are 6- to 8-inch diameter pipes with a small number
in the 10- to 16-inch diameter range. The City’s water system includes eight water storage tanks ranging
in size from 300,000 gallons to 1.3 million gallons. The total storage available to the City’s system is just
over 5 million gallons.
The City also delivers tertiary treated recycled water to customers. The recycled water is produced by
Santa Rosa Water and delivered through a low-pressure and a high-pressure distribution system operated
and maintained by the City. The low-pressure system includes an 18-inch diameter pipeline that runs
along Wilfred Avenue and Golf Course Drive and ends at Foxtail Golf Course near the northern city limits.
This low pressure system delivers approximately 500 AFY. The high-pressure system begins at the Rohnert
Park Pump Station, located at the intersection of Stony Point Road and Rohnert Park Expressway and
extends generally along the Copeland Creek corridor to Sonoma State University.
Chapter 4 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Water Use Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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4 WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION
This chapter describes and quantifies City’s historical, current, and projected water uses through 2050.
For the purposes of this UWMP, the terms “water use” and “water demand” are used interchangeably.
4.1 Non-Potable Versus Potable Water Use
The City tracks potable water demand supplied by its domestic water system and non-potable water
(recycled water) demand supplied through a separate, dual-plumbed distribution system. Potable water
deliveries comply with Title 22 Drinking Water Standards. Recycled water is used primarily for irrigation
and serves approximately 75% of the City’s dedicated irrigation demand. Uses of potable versus non-
potable water are clearly distinguished in the tables included in this chapter.
CWC §10635
(a) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the
reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water
supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier
with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water
year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability
assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data
from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.
CWC §10631
(d)(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use,
over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, based upon information
developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily
limited to, all of the following…
(d)(2) The water use projections shall be in the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a).
(d)(4)(A) Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to
result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban
water supplier, as applicable to the service area.
(d)(4)(B) To the extent that an urban water supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an
urban water supplier shall do both of the following: (i) Provide citations of the various codes, standards,
ordinances, or transportation and land use plans utilized in making the projections. (ii) Indicate the extent that
the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use
plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.
Chapter 4 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Water Use Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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4.2 Water Use Sectors
The City delivers potable water to the following sectors: single family, multi-family, commercial/industrial/
institutional (the City’s billing system combines these account types), and landscape irrigation. The
remaining potable water demand is captured in the distribution system loss sector described below in
Section 4.4. For this 2025 UWMP, the City uses definitions that are generally consistent with the DWR
Guidebook and that are more specifically detailed below. Demand within City’s water service area is
measured using water meters installed at each customer account. Records of current and historical water
use at each account are maintained by the City.
• Single Family Residential: A single family dwelling unit. A lot with a free-standing building
containing primary dwelling unit and potentially accessory dwelling units as permitted by state
law.
• Multi-Family Residential: Multiple dwelling units contained within one building or several
buildings within one complex.
• Commercial/Industrial/Institutional (and Governmental): The City’s billing system combines
these classes of water use that include water users that provide or distribute a product or service,
water users that are primarily a manufacturers or processors of materials or primarily engaged in
research and development, and water users dedicated to public service including schools, courts,
churches, government facilities, and nonprofit research institutions.
• Landscape: Water connections supplying water solely for landscape irrigation. Such landscapes
may be associated with multi-family, commercial, industrial, or institutional/governmental sites,
but are considered a separate water use sector if the connection is solely for landscape irrigation.
The City delivers non-potable recycled water to the landscape sector, including two City-owned golf
courses, within its urban growth boundary including deliveries to Sonoma State University. As described
in Chapter 3, Sonoma State University has its own potable water system and does not receive potable
water from the City.
CWC §10631
(d)(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water
use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, based upon
information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but
not necessarily limited to, all of the following:
(A) Single-family residential.
(B) Multifamily.
(C) Commercial.
(D) Industrial.
(E) Institutional and governmental.
(F) Landscape.
(G) Sales to other agencies.
(H) Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or any combination thereof.
(I) Agricultural.
(J) Distribution system water loss.
Chapter 4 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Water Use Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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The City’s total water demand is the sum of potable water demands and recycled water demands within
its service area. City’s total water demand includes water consumed by metered accounts in the service
area (metered water use), authorized but unbilled uses, and water losses within the system.
Within its urban system, the City does not provide sales of water to the following three sectors identified
and defined as follows in the DWR Guidebook:
• Sales to other agencies
• Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or any combination
thereof.
4.3 Past and Current Water Demand
Past water uses inform an understanding of water use trends which are crucial for developing water use
projections. Figure 4-1 shows historical and current water use from 2016 through 2025, and Table 4-1
shows the 2025 actual water use by sector. Figure 4-2 shows actual per capita water use from 2011
through 2025 based on total water use.
The City’s potable water use has ranged from 4,085 AFY to 4,929 AFY over the period from 2016 through
2025. Potable use and per capita use have fluctuated over the last ten years, likely influenced by the
historic drought conditions, mandatory state-wide restrictions, and the impacts of the COVID-19
pandemic when residents were encouraged to work from home. Increases in recycled water use have also
contributed to reduced potable water use, with recycled water use ranging from 944 AFY to 1,409 AFY.
Recycled water use is highly influenced by the amount of precipitation received, given that the primary
use of recycled water is for landscape irrigation.
The single family residential (SFR) sector comprises the largest proportion of the City’s total water use.
Single family use accounts for approximately 40 percent of potable demand, following by multi-family
accounts which account for 32 percent of potable demand. The CII sector makes up approximately 12%
of potable demand.
CWC §10631
(d)(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water
use… based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use
sectors…
Chapter 4 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Water Use Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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Table 4-1 2025 Actual Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water (DWR Table 4-1)
Use Type Additional Description
2025 Actual Water Use
Level of
Treatment When
Delivered
Volume (AF)
Single Family Potable 1,823
Multi-Family Potable 1,487
Commercial Commercial/ Industrial/
Institutional Potable 538
Landscape Potable 242
Distribution System Water
Loss Non-revenue water (b) Potable 490
Landscape Recycled Water system Non-Potable 966
Subtotal Potable 4,580
Subtotal Non-Potable 966
Total 5,546
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) Distribution system water loss is non-revenue water is calculated as metered consumption
subtracted from metered supply. Losses for 2025 represent total non-revenue water, inclusive of
unbilled consumption.
Figure 4-1 Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water - 2016 – 2025 Actual
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
An
n
u
a
l
V
o
l
u
m
e
(
A
c
r
e
-Fe
e
t
)
Year
Non-Revenue Water
Recycled
Irrigation
Commercial
Multi-family
Single Family
Chapter 4 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Water Use Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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Figure 4-2 Total Per Capita Water Use – 2011-2025 Actual
4.4 Distribution System Water Loss
Water loss is the sum of apparent and real losses. Apparent loss is associated with metering inaccuracies,
billing and administrative errors, authorized unmetered uses (e.g., system flushing and firefighting), and
unauthorized uses. Real loss is associated with physical loss of water through line breaks, leaks and seeps,
and overflows of storage tanks. Since 2016, urban retail water suppliers have been required under
CWC §10608.34 and California Code of Regulations (CCR) §638.1 et seq to quantify distribution system
water losses using the American Water Works Association (AWWA) Free Water Audit Software (referred
to as “water loss audit reports”). Table 4-2 summarizes the water loss audit reports submitted to DWR for
the PWS since 2021. The water loss audit reports are available through DWR’s Water Use Efficiency Data.2
2 DWR’s Water Use Efficiency Data Portal: https://wuedata.water.ca.gov/awwa_plans
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
To
t
a
l
P
e
r
C
a
p
i
t
a
W
a
t
e
r
U
s
e
(
G
P
C
D
)
Year
CWC §10631(3)
(A) The distribution system water loss shall be quantified for each of the five years preceding the plan update, in
accordance with rules adopted pursuant to Section 10608.34.
(B) The distribution system water loss quantification shall be reported in accordance with a worksheet approved
or developed by the department through a public process. The water loss quantification worksheet shall be based
on the water system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association.
(C) In the plan due July 1, 2021, and in each update thereafter, data shall be included to show whether the urban
retail water supplier met the distribution loss standards enacted by the board pursuant to Section 10608.34.
Chapter 4 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Water Use Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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Table 4-2 Water Loss Audit Reporting Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(A) (DWR Table 4-5)
PWS ID #
(reported in DWR Table
2-1)
Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit
Program (yes/no)
CA4910014
2020 Yes
2021 Yes
2022 Yes
2023 Yes
2024 Yes
Notes:
1. https://wuedata.water.ca.gov/public/awwa_uploads/9412610709/Rohnert%20Park%2C%20City%20of%2
0%2D%20Validated%20Audit.xlsx
2. https://wuedata.water.ca.gov/public/awwa_uploads/8527661979/Rohnert%20Park%2C%20City%20of%2
0%2D%20Validated%20Audit%20CY2021.xls
3. https://wuedata.water.ca.gov/public/awwa_uploads/7162473380/Rohnert%20Park%20Validated%20Wa
ter%20Audit.xlsx
4. https://wuedata.water.ca.gov/public/awwa_uploads/6327100455/Rohnert%20Park%20CY2023%20%2D
%20Validated%20Water%20Audit.xlsx
5. https://wuedata.water.ca.gov/public/awwa_uploads/2295118033/Rohnert%20Park%20CY2024%20%2D
%20Validated%20Water%20Audit.xlsx
In 2022, the SWRCB adopted water loss performance standards for urban retail water suppliers, aiming
for a significant long-term reduction in real losses. Effective starting in 2023, the SWRCB established
individual volumetric standards for each urban retail water supplier, calculated to reflect the life-cycle
cost-effective level of water loss based on specific system characteristics. While annual reporting is
ongoing, suppliers will be required to start meeting individual volumetric loss standards over a three-year
period, with full compliance required by January 1, 2028. These standards constitute the water loss
component of the MCCWL regulatory framework (SWRCB, 2022).
CWC §10631 (3)(c) requires that this UWMP demonstrate whether the City has met the distribution loss
standards enacted by the SWRCB pursuant to CWC §10608.34. Table 4-3 demonstrates City’s progress
towards meeting the 2028 water loss standard. As shown in the table, the City is meeting its apparent
water loss target but is exceeding its real water loss target.Real water loss reported for calendar year 2024
is higher than previous years due to transition to a new billing system, which the City has been working
to address. In addition, the City is implementing AMI and predicts that the data-related issues will be
resolved in future water loss reports.
Chapter 4 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Water Use Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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Table 4-3 Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard (DWR Table 4-6)
PWS ID #
(reported in
DWR Table
2-1)
Did the
SWRCB
Calculate a
Water Loss
Standard
for this
PWS? (y/n)
If no,
Supplier will
not
complete
this row.
Real Water Loss Apparent Water Loss
State Water Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit
Real
Water
Loss
Per
Unit
per
Day
State Water Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit
Apparent
Water
Loss Per
Unit per
Day
2028
Real
Water
Loss
Standard
per Unit
per day
Units for
Real Water
Loss
Number of
Units
(Connections
or Miles
corresponding
with units
selected)
Volume
of Total
Real
Loss
(from
AWWA
Water
Loss
Audit)
2028
Apparent
Water
Loss
Standard
per Unit
per Day
Units for
Apparent
Water Loss
Number of
Connections
Volume
of Total
Apparent
Loss
(from
AWWA
Water
Loss
Audit)
CA4910014 Yes 11.4
Gallons per
Service
Connection
per Day
(GPSCD)
10,227 278.4 24.3 10.1
Gallons per
Service
Connection
per Day
(GPSCD)
10,227 32.0 2.8
NOTES: The latest AWWA Water Loss Audit available is from CY 2024
Chapter 4 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Water Use Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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4.5 Projected Water Demand
The City’s water demand projections were prepared as part of the 2025 Water Demand Analysis and
Water Conservation Measures Update (Water Demand Report; EKI, 2025), which is provided in Appendix
D and documents in detail the methods and assumptions used to project future water demand.
4.5.1 Basis of Demand Projections
As described in more detail below and in the Water Demand Report (Appendix D), projected potable
water demands for the City were estimated by:
1. Applying an estimated growth rate to accounts within each water use sector based on projected
population and employment growth rates,
2. Evaluating and selecting water demand factors for each water use sector based on a review of
recent average per-account water use representing three scenarios,
3. Estimating future passive savings using the Alliance for Water Efficiency (AWE) Water
Conservation Tracking Tool (AWE model), and
4. Calculating estimated future water demand that incorporates the anticipated account.
This methodology is consistent with CWC §10631(d)(4)(A), which requires that “water use projections,
where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes,
standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as
applicable to the service area.” The assumptions used as the bases for demand projections were
developed in close coordination with the City and reflect a land-use based approach consistent with
community planning within the City. Recycled water demand is expected to remain unchanged from 2025
levels.
The recycled water sector is anticipated to have no growth as the City’s use is capped by its agreement
with the Santa Rosa Subregional Water Reclamation System, as described in Chapter 6.
4.5.2 Water Savings from Codes, Standards, Ordinances, or Transportation and Land Use
Plans
“Passive conservation” refers to water savings resulting from actions and activities that do not depend on
direct financial assistance (e.g., rebate) programs from the City. These savings result primarily from (1)
the natural replacement of existing plumbing fixtures with water-efficient models required under current
plumbing code standards, and (2) the installation of water-efficient fixtures and equipment in new
buildings and retrofits as required under California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) Building
CWC §10631(d)(4)
(A) Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result
from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water
supplier, as applicable to the service area.
(B) To the extent that an urban water supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban
water supplier shall do both of the following:
(i) Provide citations of the various codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans utilized in
making the projections.
(ii) Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or
transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be
noted of that fact.
Chapter 4 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
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Code Standards. The water use projections discussed in Section 4.5.3 include water savings associated
with these codes and standards. Specifically, as shown in Table 4-4, passive water savings for the City
were calculated using the Alliance for Water Efficiency (AWE) Water Conservation Tracking Tool (referred
to as the AWE model; AWE, 2021). The AWE model is an industry standard tool that incorporates historical
population, residential building stock, number of accounts, and projected population and account growth
to estimate future passive savings. More information regarding the passive savings estimated using the
AWE model can be found in Appendix D.
While projections account for passive savings, the City has taken a more conservative approach to demand
projections by not accounting for savings associated with future active conservation measures. However,
savings associated with all past active conservation efforts are embedded into the demand projections.
This approach is conservative, as it projects the highest level of probable demand. Active conservation
thus increases resiliency for City customers by further increasing efficient utilization of available supplies.
Table 4-4 Projected Total Water Demand and Projected Passive and Active Water Conservation
Water Conservation Type
Projected Potable Water Demand
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Baseline Projected Potable Water Demand 5,545 5,979 6,414 6,848 7,283
Passive Water Conservation (378) (571) (748) (912) (1,068)
Total Potable Water Demand 5,167 5,409 5,666 5,936 6,215
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) Methodology described in EKI, 2025, also provided in Appendix D.
(c) The City also implements a number of active conservation programs, as discussed in Chapter 9 and
Appendix D.
(d) Totals may not sum due to rounding.
4.5.3 Projected Total Water Demand
Projected customer water demands for years 2030 through 2050 are presented in Table 4-5. These
demands are broken down by sector, including water loss and recycled water. Recycled water demands
are further discussed in Section 6.5. As affirmed in Table 4-6, both future water savings (Section 4.5.2)
and lower income residential demands (Section 4.5.4) are included in the projections of future water use.
Chapter 4 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Water Use Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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Table 4-5 Total Uses of Potable and Non-Potable Water – Projected (DWR Table 4-2)
Use Type Additional
Description
Projected Water Use
Level of
Treatment
When
Delivered
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family Potable 2,167 2,254 2,348 2,448 2,551
Multi-Family Potable 1,764 1,840 1,921 2,007 2,096
Commercial
Commercial/
Industrial/
Institutional
Potable 714 748 785 824 865
Landscape Potable 455 495 535 575 615
Distribution
System
Water Loss
Non-
Revenue
Water
Potable 66 71 77 82 87
Landscape
Recycled
Water
System
Non-Potable 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350
Subtotal Potable 5,166 5,408 5,666 5,936 6,214
Subtotal Non-Potable 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350
Total 6,516 6,758 7,016 7,286 7,564
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF
(b) Projected water demands were estimated using methodology described in Appendix D and
incorporate passive conservation savings, as described in Section 4.5.2.
(c) "Distribution System Water Loss” represents all non-revenue water, including real losses, apparent
losses, and unbilled, unmetered consumption.
Table 4-6 Inclusion in Water Use Projections (DWR Table 4-3)
Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections? Yes
If "Yes" to above, state the section or page number, in the cell to the
right, where citations of the codes, ordinances, or otherwise are
utilized in demand projections are found.
Refer to Section 4.5.2 and
Table 5-4 of Appendix D.
Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Projections? Yes
If the method for accounting Lower Income Residential Demands has
been included, provide page number where this accounting can be
found.
Refer to Section 4.5.4
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4.5.4 Water Use by Lower Income Households
The 2025 Demand Update (see Appendix D) is based on the City’s 2040 General Plan EIR projections for
growth in Rohnert Park which align 2040 General Plan and includes RHNA. Because water projections are
based on the General Plan land use projections and forecasting, they, by definition, take into account the
City’s inclusionary housing requirements.
4.5.5 Characteristic Five-Year Water Use
In accordance with CWC §10635(b)(3), UWMPs must provide a five-year Drought Risk Assessment (see
Section 7.6). As a first step, DWR suggests that water suppliers estimate their unconstrained water
demand for the next five years (2026-2030). Unconstrained water demand is water use in the absence of
drought water use restrictions. These numbers can then be adjusted to estimate the five-years’
cumulative drought effects. The Drought Risk Assessment presented in Section 7.6 accounts for this
increase in unconstrained water demand. Table 4-7 shows unconstrained demands for 2026-2030.
Table 4-7 Characteristic Five-Year Water Use (AF)
2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
5,656 5,871 6,086 6,301 6,516
Notes:
• The table shows unconstrained total demand (i.e., demand in the absence of drought water use restrictions).
CWC §10631.1
(a) The water use projections required by Section 10631 shall include projected water use for single-family and
multifamily residential housing needed for lower income households, as defined in Section 50079.5 of the Health
and Safety Code, as identified in the housing element of any city, county, or city and county in the service area of
the supplier.
(b) It is the intent of the Legislature that the identification of projected water use for single-family and multifamily
residential housing for lower income households will assist a supplier in complying with the requirements under
Section 65589.7 of the Government Code to grant a priority for the provision of service to housing units affordable
to lower income households.
CWC §10635
(b) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk
assessment for its water service to its customers as part of information considered in developing the demand
management measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the urban water management
plan. The urban water supplier may conduct an interim update or updates to this drought risk assessment within
the five-year cycle of its urban water management plan update. The drought risk assessment shall include each
of the following…
(3) A comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water
use for the drought period. (Emphasis added).
(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands
under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
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The Drought Risk Assessment must include a consideration of climate change impacts on demand. Climate
change impacts in Sonoma County will affect the City’s water supply and demand in numerous ways.
According to Climate Ready Sonoma County: Climate Hazards and Vulnerabilities, a report prepared by
North Bay Climate Adaptation Initiative for the Sonoma County Regional Climate Protection Authority,
climate change is anticipated to affect Sonoma County in the following ways:
• Higher average temperatures and more extreme heat events. Sonoma County will experience a
250 percent increase in the number of very hot days (over 98.1 degrees) by 2050 and overall
higher temperatures over a longer warm season. This could create a longer irrigation season,
increase landscaping and irrigation water needs, increase the soil moisture deficit, and reduce
groundwater recharge. Industrial processes will have increased cooling water needs, and peak
water demands may be impacted. While not anticipated to impact the City’s water supply sources,
in some regions water quality may be impaired due to reduced baseflows.
• More frequent and intense droughts. By 2050, drought years are twice as likely to occur in any
given year. Severe droughts that now only occur every 20 years will occur every ten years while
100-year droughts will occur every 20 years by 2100. Whether the North Bay region experiences
more or less rainfall overall, the land will likely be drier overall because warmer temperatures
increase evapotranspiration (the loss of water from plants and soil into the air).
• More variable rain and seasonality. Sonoma County will likely continue to have some years of
precipitation similar to historic averages interspersed with more extreme conditions. Sonoma
County is likely to experience a shorter wet season with a later onset of fall rains and an earlier
onset of the dry season causing a longer irrigation season, and increased peak demand. More
intense rainfall over shorter periods could make it harder to capture and store water supplies.
• Greater risk of extreme floods. Sonoma County will see increased seasonal variability of
precipitation, runoff, and stream flows, along with increased likelihood of “extreme” precipitation
and drought events that were rare or unprecedented in the historic past. By 2050, it is predicted
that Santa Rosa will experience a 67 percent increase in the number of extreme precipitation
events (events with 2-day total of precipitation over 1.99 inches) to 2 or more events per year.
While not anticipated to impact the City’s water demands or supply sources, floodwater may
degrade or contaminate surface and drinking water quality in some regions, which could make it
difficult to capture sufficient water (in reservoirs or groundwater) during a compressed rainy
season to supply an extended dry season.
• More frequent and intense wildfires. The risk of fire is likely to continue to rise due to increased
dryness of vegetation, compounded by productivity of plants in the spring (which creates more
fuel for dry season wildfires). Water impacts could include the need for water to suppress fires,
loss of infrastructure, and impacted surface water quality.
Responding to climate change generally takes two forms: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation is taking
steps to reduce contributions to the causes of climate change by reducing GHG emissions. Adaptation is
the process of responding to the effects of climate change by modifying systems and behaviors to function
in a warmer climate. The City has begun to implement plans, programs, and projects related to mitigation
and adaptation, particularly through its participation with Sonoma Water’s Regional Resiliency Study and
the Sonoma County Regional Climate Protection Authority. The City’s Draft 2040 General Plan, includes a
Climate Change Element with a suite of goals, policies and implementation actions that the City will
undertake over the next 20 years. The draft Climate Change Element is included as Appendix E.
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4.6 Water Use Sectors Not Included in Demand Projections
Historical and projected water demands for the water use sectors described in CWC §10631(d)(1)(G)
through (I) and listed below were not included in City’s water demand calculations because they are not
applicable to City:
• Sales to other agencies;
• Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or any combination
thereof; and
• Agricultural.
4.7 Coordinating Water Use Projections
City purchases water from Sonoma Water and Santa Rosa Water. As part of the coordination effort for
the UWMP, and in compliance with CWC §10631(h), City supplied Sonoma Water with its water demand
projections through 2050. As described above, the City has a recycled water supply cap defined by its
agreement with Santa Rosa Water.
CWC § 10631(h)
An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale
agency with water use projections from that agency for that source of water in five-year increments to 20 years
or as far as data is available.
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4.8 Urban Water Use Objective
In July 2024, California enacted the MCCWL regulation (implementing SB 606 and AB 1668) to support
long-term water conservation and drought resilience. These regulations establish annual UWUOs for
water suppliers and introduce Performance Measures for CII water users.
The UWUO is a water budget-based approach to water use efficiency unique to each urban water supplier
and consists of the following components: (1) residential indoor water standard, (2) residential outdoor
water budget, (3) CII landscape outdoor water use standard (for landscapes with dedicated irrigation
meters, (4) water loss standard, (5) variance, and (6) bonus. Suppliers will need to assess whether they
meet their UWUO collectively (i.e., they are not required to comply with the individual standards if they
meet the overall UWUO). Compliance with UWUOs is required beginning January 2027. Per the MCCWL
regulation, over the next 25 years, the water efficiency standards for residential indoor and outdoor water
use as well as CII outdoor water use will become increasingly stringent.
The state standards underlying the residential indoor, residential outdoor, and CII outdoor components
of the UWUO will become increasingly stringent over time. As a result, compliance is expected to require
continued reductions in water use beyond those achieved under the SB X7-7 framework.3 Urban retail
water suppliers are required to report annually to the State Water Resources Control Board on water use
3 Under the MCCWL regulation, the SB X7-7 target serves as a backstop on the UWUO. If a supplier’s UWUO
exceeds its SB X7-7 target, its UWUO becomes its SB X7-7 target.
CWC § 10609.20
(a) Each urban retail water supplier shall calculate its urban water use objective no later than January 1, 2024,
and by January 1 every year thereafter.
(b) The calculation shall be based on the urban retail water supplier’s water use conditions for the previous
calendar or fiscal year.
CWC § 10609.22
(a) An urban retail water supplier shall calculate its actual urban water use no later than January 1, 2024, and by
January 1 every year thereafter.
(b) The calculation shall be based on the urban retail water supplier’s water use for the previous calendar or fiscal
year.
CWC § 10609.24
(a) An urban retail water supplier shall submit a report to the department no later than January 1, 2024, and by
January 1 every year thereafter. The report shall include all of the following:
(1) The urban water use objective calculated pursuant to Section 10609.20 along with relevant supporting data.
(2) The actual urban water use calculated pursuant to Section 10609.22 along with relevant supporting data.
(3) Documentation of the implementation of the performance measures for CII water use.
(4) A description of the progress made towards meeting the urban water use objective.
(5) The validated water loss audit report conducted pursuant to Section 10608.34.
(b) The department shall post the reports and information on its internet website.
(c) The board may issue an information order or conservation order to, or impose civil liability on, an entity or
individual for failure to submit a report required by this section.
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relative to their UWUOs. The City submits UWUO compliance data through the Department of Water
Resources’ Water Use Efficiency Data portal.4 As part of the 2025 Water Demand Analysis and Water
Conservation Measure Update prepared for the City, the City’s UWUO compliance was forecasted using
the following data sources and assumptions (EKI, 2025; Appendix D):
• Projected population, water use components subjective to the objectives (e.g., residential water
use and dedicated irrigation water use), and real water loss;
• Decreasing Objective water use standards through 2040;
• Residential landscape area based on values reported in the City’s FY 2023-24 UWUO Annual
Report and increasing proportional to population projections;
• Existing (2025) CII landscape area on DIMs irrigated with potable water estimated from projected
2025 water use assuming a LEF of 0.80;
• Future CII landscape area on DIMs increasing proportionally with City’s irrigation and recycled
water accounts; and
• CII landscape area on DIMS irrigated with recycled water (i.e., Special Landscape Area) estimated
from a water use of 1,350 AFY assuming a LEF of 1.0.
The results of the analysis, described further in Section 5.6 of Appendix D, indicate that the City is
anticipated to comply with its UWUOs through 2030, but in 2035 and 2040, is anticipated to be slightly
above its objectives as shown in Table 4-8.
Table 4-8 Current and Projected Urban Water Use Objectives Compliance
Year
Water Demand
Subject to UWUO
Compliance (b) (c)
UWUO Projections
(b)
Reduction
Required
2025 (d) 3,450 4,044 -
2030 5,748 5,759 -
2035 5,951 5,811 2%
2040 6,168 5,904 4%
NOTES:
(a) Service area population is detailed in Table 3-2.
(b) Volumes are in units of AF.
(c) Water demand subject to UWUO compliance includes single family, multi-family
water, irrigation, and water loss sectors and is detailed in Appendix D.
(d) 2025 uses actual data as reported on the Water Use Efficiency Data Portal.
4 DWR’s Water Use Efficiency Data Portal: https://wuedata.water.ca.gov/uwuo_plans
Chapter 5 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
SB X7-7 Baseline, 2020 Target, and 2025 Reporting City of Rohnert Park
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5 SB X7-7 BASELINE, 2020 TARGET, AND 2025 REPORTING
The Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as Senate Bill (SB) X7-7, required that urban retail water
suppliers 5 reduce their baseline per capita water use by 20% by 2020. Instead of, or in addition to,
individual water use targets, urban water retail suppliers may plan, comply, and report on SB X7-7
requirements on a regional basis as part of a “Regional Alliance.” As described in Section 2.5, the City is
one of nine Water Contractors to the SCWA for purchase of Russian River water supply. As such, the Water
Contractors formed a Regional Alliance under the provisions of SB X7-7 because they are recipients of
water from a common wholesale water supplier.
A regional group of water contractors formed a Regional Alliance for the purposes of meeting regional
water use targets. The members of the North-Marin Sonoma Alliance included: the City, North Marin
Water District, City of Santa Rosa, Town of Windsor, City of Sonoma, City of Cotati, City of Petaluma, Marin
Municipal Water District, and Valley of the Moon Water District 6. Since the original group was formed,
the group has become the Sonoma-Marin Saving Water Partnership (Partnership) and represents 13 water
utilities in Sonoma and Marin counties. The Partnership is described further in Section 2.2.
As shown in Table 5-1, the Alliance was in full compliance with the SB X7-7 2020 target.
5 CWC §10608.12 defines an urban retail water supplier as “a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that
directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet
of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes.”
6 The letter approving the District’s membership in the regional Alliance is available at the following link:
http://www.savingwaterpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/20x2020-regional-alliance-agreement.doc.pdf.
CWC §10608.24 (b)
Each urban retail water supplier shall meet its urban water use target by December 31, 2020.
CWC §10608.28
(a) An urban retail water supplier may meet its urban water use target within its retail service area, or through
mutual agreement, by any of the following:
(1) Through an urban wholesale water supplier.
(2) Through a regional agency authorized to plan and implement water conservation, including, but not limited
to, an agency established under the Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency Act (Division 31
(commencing with Section 81300)).
(3) Through a regional water management group as defined in Section 10537.
(4) By an integrated regional water management funding area.
(5) By hydrologic region.
(6) Through other appropriate geographic scales for which computation methods have been developed by the
department.
(b) A regional water management group, with the written consent of its member agencies, may undertake any
or all planning, reporting, and implementation functions under this chapter for the member agencies that consent
to those activities. Any data or reports shall provide information both for the regional water management group
and separately for each consenting urban retail water supplier and urban wholesale water supplier.
Chapter 5 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
SB X7-7 Baseline, 2020 Target, and 2025 Reporting City of Rohnert Park
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Table 5-1 SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress (DWR Table 5-1)
Was Supplier part of
a merger or
consolidation since
2020?
Regional Alliance
Target or Individual
Target?
2020 Target Actual 2020
GPCD
Did Supplier
Achieve Targeted
Reduction for
2020?
No Regional Alliance
Target
129 113 Yes
Chapter 6 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Normal Year Water Supply Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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6 NORMAL YEAR WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION
This chapter describes City’s current and potential water supplies and provides an assessment of the
energy intensity of the City’s treatment and distribution systems.
6.1 Purchased Water
This section describes the Sonoma Water supply, its hydrologic availability and the various contracts that
affect this supply. This information has been updated based on Sonoma Water’s 2025 UWMP and is used
to project the Sonoma Water supply that is reasonably available to the City under all hydrologic
conditions.
The water supply available to the City from Sonoma Water is measured in two ways: hydrologic availability
and legal availability. Hydrologic availability is a measure of how much water is available from a
combination of rainfall, runoff, and storage in the Russian River watershed. Normal year, single dry year
and multiple dry year are ways to describe the hydrologic availability of water supply under a variety of
rainfall conditions. Sonoma Water’s hydrologic models indicate that its water supply is most constrained
under the single dry year condition when reduced water storage in Lake Sonoma could result in limits on
water diversions, regardless of water rights. Legal availability is a measure of how much water Sonoma
Water is allowed to divert under the water rights permits it receives from the State Water Resources
Control Board (SWRCB). Sonoma Water currently has permits to divert and re-divert 75,000 AFY. Because
the allocations in the Restructured Agreement assume that Sonoma Water has rights to 101,000 AFY, both
hydrology and water rights could constrain the volume of water available from Sonoma Water and both
are discussed below.
6.1.1 Past and Current Sonoma Water Supply
The City’s contract for water supply with Sonoma Water is the Restructured Agreement for Water Supply
(Restructured Agreement). The Restructured Agreement outlines how Sonoma Water’s supply is allocated
between its Contractors and other customers. The Restructured Agreement was executed on June 20,
2006 and has a term of at least forty years. The Restructured Agreement allocates 7,500 AFY to the City,
with an average day maximum month pumping rate of 15.0 million gallons per day (MGD) under normal
year conditions.
CWC §10631(b) A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter that shall do all of the following:
Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier
over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a).
CWC §10631(h) A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all of the following:
An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale
agency with water use projections from that agency for that source of water in five-year increments to 20 years
or as far as data is available. The wholesale agency shall provide information to the urban water supplier for
inclusion in the urban water supplier’s plan that identifies and quantifies, to the extent practicable, the existing
and planned sources of water as required by subdivision (b), available from the wholesale agency to the urban
water supplier over the same five-year increments, and during various water-year types in accordance with
subdivision (f). An urban water supplier may rely upon water supply information provided by the wholesale
agency in fulfilling the plan informational requirements of subdivisions (b) and (f).
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However, the Restructured Agreement presumes that Sonoma Water is able to secure modifications to
its water rights permits that will allow it to increase its diversions from its currently permitted 75,000 AFY
to 101,000 AFY. Sonoma Water can also pump 2,300 AFY of groundwater to meet demand, which can be
allocated to contractors under the Restructured Agreement; however, Sonoma Water plans to use
groundwater supply only as a secondary source of water to supplement local surface water during drought
or when surface supply is otherwise constrained.
The Restructured Agreement defines how the water supply and transmission system capacity would be
allocated in case of shortage (the Water Shortage Provisions). On September 14, 2021, Sonoma Water’s
Board of Directors adopted a Water Shortage Allocation Methodology that provides a mathematical
quantification of the Water Shortage Provisions. This allows the Contractors to calculate their reasonably
expected allocation under a range of supply scenarios. Based on Sonoma Water’s current rights and the
Water Shortage Allocation Methodology, the City expects it can reliably receive up to 6,250 AFY within
Sonoma Water’s current water rights of 75,000 AFY. Since 2001, the City’s use of Sonoma Water supply
has varied from just under 1,100 AFY to over 4,000 AFY. In the past five years, use has ranged from 2,200
to almost 3,000 AFY, well under both City’s maximum allocation and its reasonably expected supply.
6.1.2 Sonoma Water’s Water Rights
Sonoma Water currently diverts and re-diverts water from the Russian River System under four permits
issued by the SWRCB. These permits (Numbers 12947A, 12949, 12950 and 16596) provide it with the
rights to divert and re-divert up to 75,000 AFY, and to store up to 122,500 ac-ft/yr of water in Lake
Mendocino and up to 245,000 ac-ft/yr of water in Lake Sonoma. These permits also set minimum in-
stream flow requirements to protect fish and wildlife and maintain recreation in the Russian River. The
SWRCB’s Decision 1610 provides for varying minimum in-stream flow requirements based on whether the
water year is normal or dry. Sonoma Water works with the SWRCB on a regular basis to implement the
various in-stream flow requirements of its permits based on hydrologic conditions at the time. Sonoma
Water’s rights to divert water under its permits are influenced by ongoing developments within the
Russian River watershed including the Russian River Biological Opinion, decommissioning of the Potter
Valley Project (PVP), and the Forecast Informed Reservoir Operation Project. Each of these is discussed
below.
Russian River Biological Opinion
On September 24, 2008, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) issued a 15-year Biological Opinion
for water supply operations, flood control activities, and channel maintenance conducted by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Sonoma County Water Agency (Sonoma Water), and the
Mendocino County Russian River Flood Control and Water Conservation Improvement District within the
Russian River watershed. The 2008 Russian River Biological Opinion concluded that the elevated river
flows required by State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Decision 1610 were adversely affecting
fish habitat and contributing to adverse effects on listed salmonid species.
To address these effects, the 2008 Biological Opinion identified a suite of alternatives intended to reduce
impacts to listed species while maintaining water supply reliability, including:
• Reducing summertime flows in the Russian River and Dry Creek
• Enhancing approximately six miles of habitat in Dry Creek
• Creating and maintaining a freshwater lagoon in the Russian River estuary during summer months
• Conducting long-term habitat and fish monitoring in Dry Creek, the Russian River, and the estuary
• Eliminating barriers to fish passage and improving habitat conditions in several tributary streams
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The 2008 Biological Opinion required that summertime flows be permanently reduced to better replicate
natural dry-year river conditions. Following issuance of the Biological Opinion, Sonoma Water submitted
a petition to the SWRCB requesting permanent changes to the Decision 1610 minimum instream flow
requirements consistent with NMFS’s recommendations and initiated preparation of an Environmental
Impact Report (EIR) pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). While the permanent
change process was underway, Sonoma Water requested and obtained temporary changes to the
Decision 1610 minimum instream flows on an annual basis beginning in 2010, consistent with the 2008
Biological Opinion.
On April 29, 2025, NMFS issued a new 10-year Biological Opinion addressing substantially similar water
supply operations, flood control activities, and channel maintenance actions in the Russian River
watershed. In contrast to the 2008 Biological Opinion, the 2025 Russian River Biological Opinion
concluded that the proposed action is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of Central California
Coast coho salmon, California Coastal Chinook salmon, Central California Coast steelhead, or Southern
Resident Killer Whale, and is not likely to destroy or adversely modify designated critical habitat for these
species.
The 2025 Biological Opinion reflects over a decade of interim operational experience, habitat
improvements, monitoring data, and incorporation of updated operational approaches. Although the
jeopardy determination was removed, NMFS included Reasonable and Prudent Measures (RPMs) and
associated terms and conditions to address remaining potential adverse effects to listed species. Key
elements of the proposed action evaluated in the 2025 Biological Opinion include:
• Continued reservoir flood control and water supply operations at Coyote Valley Dam (Lake
Mendocino) and Warm Springs Dam (Lake Sonoma), including approved deviations from Water
Control Manuals
• Implementation of Forecast-Informed Reservoir Operations (FIRO) to improve water supply
reliability and flood management while enhancing downstream ecological conditions
• Modification of the Russian River Hydrologic Index (Water Year Classification methodology) to
shift from reliance on Eel River hydrology at Lake Pillsbury to Russian River hydrology based on
conditions at Lake Mendocino, improving alignment between hydrologic classifications and actual
watershed conditions
The 2025 Biological Opinion represents a substantial evolution from the 2008 framework, transitioning
from emergency, annually renewed flow modifications to a longer-term, integrated operational and
regulatory approach that balances water supply, flood management, and species protection objectives in
the Russian River watershed. (NOAA, 2025; Sonoma Water, 2025)
Potter Valley Project Decommissioning
PG&E is decommissioning its PVP hydropower facilities 7 primarily due to economic considerations (PG&E,
n.d.). Historically, the PVP has diverted water from the Eel River through a trans-basin tunnel into the East
Fork Russian River, where a portion of the diverted flow is used by the Potter Valley Irrigation District
(PVID), and the remainder continues to Lake Mendocino. These imported flows have played a critical role
in supplementing the highly variable, rainfall-driven hydrology of the Watershed. Stored water in Lake
7 PVP, initiated in 1908, captures water at Cape Horn Dam (Van Arsdale Reservoir) and Scott Dam (Lake Pillsbury)
on the Eel River. It diverts water through a tunnel to a powerhouse on the Russian River principally for hydropower
generation. In addition to power production, Potter Valley plays a critical role in providing essential water supplies
for agricultural irrigation and municipal uses across the Watershed.
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Mendocino has been managed and released to support downstream diversions, municipal and
agricultural demands, and instream flow requirements.
This decommissioning effort carries significant implications for regional water reliability across the Upper
Russian River Watershed. Historically, imported Eel River flows have supplemented the Russian River
system during extended dry periods, providing an important hydrologic buffer that sustained baseflows,
reservoir storage and instream habitat conditions. These imports have helped stabilize municipal,
agricultural, and environmental water supplies, particularly during late summer and early fall when
natural runoff is minimal.
Sonoma Water and regional partners have proposed a successor diversion and pumping facility (the “New
Eel-Russian Facility”) and potential expanded storage at Lake Mendocino to preserve at least seasonal
transfers, but future imports would likely be smaller, occur only in wetter periods, and cost more to
operate. For the District, this means that Russian River supply reliability is no longer assumed to be
supported indefinitely by year-round Eel River imports.
Forecast Informed Reservoir Operation
Because Lake Mendocino and Lake Sonoma are dual purpose reservoirs providing flood control and water
supply benefits, the reservoirs are operated according to seasonal rules. Lake levels are reduced in the
winter to allow for flood storage and allowed to increase in the spring to store water supply. In response
to the changes in the operation of PVP and experiences from the recent drought years, Sonoma Water
worked with Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to evaluate
the viability of forecast informed reservoir operations (FIRO) for Lake Mendocino. FIRO integrates
enhanced monitoring, atmospheric river forecasting, and flexible operational rules to inform decisions on
water retention and release. Water supply capture in Lake Mendocino is highly sensitive to the timing and
distribution of precipitation, particular atmospheric river events, making FIRO an effective tool to optimize
storage under variable hydrologic conditions
The FIRO evaluation began with a successful modeling exercise that demonstrated that up to
approximately 11,650 acre-feet of encroachment into the flood control pool could be achieved by
providing reservoir operators with more flexibility in operating the flood control pool between November
and February. FIRO was successfully demonstrated in 2019 and 2020 and resulted in measurable benefits,
including capturing approximately 11,000 acre-feet of additional storage in 2020, which helped mitigate
impacts during subsequent drought years. Following successful interim implementation from 2019
through 2025 under major deviations, the USACE approved an updated Water Control Manual in October
2025 that formalizes FIRO for Lake Mendocino. For the purposes of the 2025 UWMP, Sonoma Water
assumes FIRO will continue under this updated framework throughout the 25-year planning horizon.
6.1.3 Hydrologic Modeling and Supply Sufficiency
Sonoma Water has developed its Russian River System Model (RR ResSim) model to simulate the effects
of various climatic conditions, levels of demand, and operational criteria on the water supply available for
use by Sonoma Water and its contractors. RR ResSim calculates what releases must be made from Lake
Mendocino and Lake Sonoma, considering USACE flood control operations criteria, FIRO, Decision 1610
minimum instream flow requirements, and the interim requirements of the 2025 Russian River Biological
Opinion. The model also simulates the FIRO initiative described above and a new hydrologic index and
minimum instream flow requirements for the Russian River System consistent with the Biological Opinion.
The model incorporates 114 years of hydrologic data, from 1911 through 2024) represented as daily
unimpaired tributary flows developed by Sonoma Water and Flint Hydroscience LLC Diversions from the
Eel River into the Russian River are defined explicitly in the model and are consistent with the reduced
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diversions required by 2004 license amendment for the Potter Valley Project. Sonoma Water’s water
rights permits include a provision that requires Sonoma Water to impose a 30 percent deficiency
curtailment in deliveries from the Russian River to its service area should Lake Sonoma storage levels drop
below 100,000 acre feet before July 15 of any year.
As part of its UWMP process, Sonoma Water models water availability for retailers based on projected
purchase needs provided by the retailers, which may be lower than contract volumes. Sonoma Water’s
2025 UWMP incorporated implementation of FIRO at Lake Sonoma and lower demands by Sonoma
Water’s customers into its model. 2025 model results indicate storage levels are not projected to fall
below 100,000 ac-ft prior to July through 2050 in any modeled years. This means Sonoma Water forecasts
that there will be adequate supply to meet all Sonoma Water demands in normal, single dry, and multiple
dry years through the end of the planning period in 2050. (Sonoma Water, 2026)
It should be noted that demands for purchases from Sonoma Water are forecasted based on retailer
demands and not contractual rights. In order to be conservative, the City has opted to forecast its Sonoma
Water availability based on contractual rights, and assumes curtailment may occur in single dry years and
multiple dry year scenarios, as was assumed in the City’s 2020 UWMP. Table 6-2 reports the volume of
water estimated to be available to Sonoma Water under normal, single dry and multiple dry water years
and Rohnert Park’s estimated Sonoma Water supply. The table illustrates that the City anticipates that its
Sonoma Water supply is less than its contractual allocation under all water supply conditions.
Table 6-1 Future Sonoma Water Supply
Hydrologic Year Type Total Sonoma Water Supply (b) Sonoma Water Supply
Available to the City (c)
Normal Year 75,000 6,250
Single Dry Year 58,000 4,925
Multiple Dry Years 58,000 4,925
NOTES:
a) Volumes are in units of AF.
b) Total Sonoma Water Supply assumes 100% of contractual rights available in normal and multiple dry year
conditions, and curtailment occurs in single dry year
c) Under the Restructured Agreement for Water Supply, described in Section 6.1.1, the City has contract rights
to 7,500 AFY of Sonoma Water supply. However, the City anticipates that its reliable supply from Sonoma Water
is 6,250 AFY under normal and multiple dry year conditions and 4,925 AFY under single dry year conditions.
6.1.4 Future Sonoma Water Supply
The City is not anticipating additional contract water from Sonoma Water and the analysis in this 2025
UWMP assumes the City’s reasonably anticipated supply from Sonoma Water Supply will be consistent
with the values presented in Table 6-2 and less than its allocation in the Restructured Agreement. The
City assumes 6,250 AF will be available for purchase in normal and multiple dry years, while curtailments
will be required in single and multiple dry years, resulting in 4,925 AF available.
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6.2 Groundwater
The City relies on groundwater from the Santa Rosa Subbasin (Basin; DWR No. 1-055.01). This section
includes information regarding the Subbasin, groundwater management, and the City’s coordination with
the Santa Rosa Plain GSA, followed by a discussion of historical pumping and supply sufficiency.
6.2.1 Basin Description and Status
The Santa Rosa Subbasin is not adjudicated, and in its recent evaluation of California groundwater basins,
DWR determined that the Basin is not in a condition of critical overdraft. The Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin is
currently categorized by the DWR program as a medium priority basin (DWR, 2019).
As a DWR-designated medium priority basin, the Santa Rosa Subbasin is subject to the requirements of
the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), including the requirement to be covered by one
or more Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) and to prepare and submit to DWR one or more
Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSPs) by 31 January 2022. The Santa Rosa Plain GSP was submitted to
DWR in January 2022 and approved by DWR on 26 January 2023 and is further discussed in Section 0.
Geologically, the Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin has one main water-bearing unit, the Merced Formation, and
several units with lower water-bearing capacities, including the Glen Ellen Formation and the Alluvium.
The shallow Alluvium consists of poorly sorted coarse sand and gravel and moderately-sorted fine sand,
silt, and clay. The alluvial deposits are not perennially saturated, have low permeability, and are generally
unconfined or slightly confined. The Glen Ellen Formation underlies the Alluvium and consists of partially
cemented beds of poorly sorted gravel, sand, and silt, and clay that vary widely in thickness and extent,
with thicknesses varying from 3,000 feet to less than 1,500 feet on the west side of the valley. Underlying
CWC §10631
(b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the
supplier over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), providing supporting and related
information, including all of the following:
(4) If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, all of the
following information:
(A) The current version of any groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part 2.74
(commencing with Section 10720), any groundwater management plan adopted by the urban water supplier,
including plans adopted pursuant to Part 2.75 (commencing with Section 10750), or any other specific
authorization for groundwater management for basins underlying the urban water supplier’s service area.
(B) A description of any groundwater basin or basins from which the urban water supplier pumps groundwater.
For basins that a court or the board has adjudicated the rights to pump groundwater, a copy of the order or
decree adopted by the court or the board and a description of the amount of groundwater the urban water
supplier has the legal right to pump under the order or decree. For a basin that has not been adjudicated,
information as to whether the department has identified the basin as a high- or medium-priority basin in the most
current official departmental bulletin that characterizes the condition of the groundwater basin, and a detailed
description of the efforts being undertaken by the urban water supplier to coordinate with groundwater
sustainability agencies or groundwater management agencies listed in subdivision (c) of Section 10723 to
maintain or achieve sustainable groundwater conditions in accordance with a groundwater sustainability plan or
alternative adopted pursuant to Part 2.74 (commencing with Section 10720).
(C) A detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the
urban water supplier for the past five years. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is
reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.
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the Glen Ellen Formation is the Merced Formation, which is a marine deposit of fine sand and sandstone
with thin interbeds of clay and silty-clay and some lenses of gravel and localized fossils. The Merced
Formation is Pliocene in age, and its thickness is estimated to range from 300 feet to over 1,500 feet.
Aquifer continuity and water quality in the Merced Formation are generally very good, with well yields
from 100 to 1,500 gallons per minute (gpm) (Sonoma Water, 2021).
Further description of the Subbasin is included in the Basin Setting chapter of the GSP for the Subbasin,
including the hydrogeologic conceptual model, and current and historical groundwater conditions. GSP
chapters are available on the Santa Rosa Plain GSA website 8:
Actions related to management of the Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin both currently and under SGMA are
described in the next sections.
6.2.2 Groundwater Quality
Groundwater produced by the City is tested for several constituents, including bacteria, pesticides,
herbicides, fungicides, organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, nitrates, radioactivity, corrosivity,
trihalomethanes, iron, and manganese.
Groundwater produced from the City’s wells meets primary state drinking water standards. Overall
mineral content, as indicated by specific conductance (electrical conductance; EC), ranges from 330 to
600 μmhos/cm. EC values are below the recommended secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of
900 μmhos/cm. Other water quality concerns in the Rohnert Park area include elevated nitrate, arsenic,
iron, and manganese concentrations in some wells. Nitrate concentrations in City wells range from 0.4 to
7.3 mg/L, which is less than the primary MCL of 10 mg/L.
Organic chemicals introduced through known point sources could influence groundwater quality
conditions in the future. No serious or widespread issues that affect community water supplies due to
organic chemical sources are known to be present in the City.
6.2.3 Groundwater Management
The City supported the development of the voluntary Santa Rosa Plain Watershed Groundwater
Management Plan, which was adopted in the fall of 2014. This Plan and its subsequent monitoring
program illustrate that groundwater levels are generally rising around the City’s well field, an indication
of stable supply (USGS 2013).
In accordance with the requirements of SGMA, the City joined with the County of Sonoma, the Sonoma
County Water Agency, the cities of Cotati, Santa Rosa and Sebastopol, the Town of Windsor, Cal-American
Water Company and two resource conservation districts to form the Santa Rosa Plain GSA and develop a
GSP. The Santa Rosa Plain GSP was submitted to DWR in January 2022 and approved by DWR on 26
January 2023. These agencies are currently implementing the GSP, which builds upon the adopted
Groundwater Management Plan and provides a strong framework for managing the groundwater supply.
The adopted GSP is available online at: https://santarosaplaingroundwater.org/gsp/ and the DWR Letter
of Determination is provided in Appendix F.
As a member of the GSA, the City was actively involved in GSP development activities and will continue to
be involved throughout GSP implementation. The City has one director and one alternate member on the
GSA Board of Directors, as well as one appointee on the Advisory Committee. The Board of Directors and
Advisory Committee meet periodically regarding GSP updates and reporting, implementation and policies.
8 Santa Rosa Plain GSA website: https://santarosaplaingroundwater.org/gsp/.
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Both the Board of Directors and the Advisory Committee receive input from a number of administrative
and technical staff, as well as legal and financial consultants.
To ensure that groundwater levels and groundwater storage remains stable in the Subbasin, the GSA is
implementing the following, as described in the Subbasin’s 2024 Annual Report (Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin
GSA, 2025):
• Aquifer storage and recovery pilot test with the City of Santa Rosa
• Two stormwater capture and recharge projects
• Land use agency coordination on both land use and well permitting issues
• Five new monitoring wells
• Several grant-funded programs to better understand and reduce groundwater use
6.2.4 Historical Pumping and Supply Sufficiency
The City manages its groundwater supply in accordance with its Water Policy Resolution No. 2004-95
(2004 Water Policy Resolution; Appendix G) which limits groundwater pumping to 2,577 AFY. A 2005
Water Supply Assessment (WSA) developed by the City provides technical support for the sustainable
pumping rate under all hydrologic conditions, and is provided in Appendix H.
The GSP prepared for the Subbasin included groundwater modeling that analyzed past, current, and
future hydrologic conditions and pumping demands. The Subbasin’s sustainable yield has been estimated
at 23,900 AFY, though this estimate is not allocated among pumpers. The future modeling scenarios and
implementation planning prepared for the GSP incorporated the City’s 2,577 AFY pumping projection;
therefore this projection is assumed to be the sustainable groundwater supply available to the City,
assuming the projects and management actions identified in the GSP are implemented.
While the City has imposed policy restraints on its groundwater pumping, there are no physical constraints
to groundwater pumping. The City currently uses 25 groundwater wells as active sources, in addition to
an interconnection with the Sonoma County Water Agency. Additionally, the City of Rohnert Park has one
standby well and an emergency connection with the Canon Manon Water system.
Table 6-2 provides the City’s groundwater use for the five-year period from 2021-2025. Since committing
to a conjunctive use strategy in 2004, the City has pumped as little as 112 AFY (2006) and as much as 2,348
AFY (2022). The recent increase in groundwater pumping is a response to recent regulatory requirements
to reduce diversions from Sonoma Water’s Russian River system. The City’s pumping remains below the
2,577 AFY threshold specified in the City's 2004 Water Policy Resolution.
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Table 6-2 Groundwater Volume Pumped (DWR Table 6-1)
☐ Checked box indicates the Supplier does not pump groundwater.
Proceed to the next table.
☐ Checked box indicates that all or part of the groundwater described below is
desalinated. (OPTIONAL)
Groundwater
Type Water Type Location or
Basin Name 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Alluvial Basin Potable Santa Rosa
Plain Subbasin 2,022 2,348 1,739 1,753 1,666
Total 2,022 2,348 1,739 1,753 1,666
NOTES:
Volumes are in units of AF.
6.2.5 Limitations to Groundwater Pumping and Overdraft Conditions
As discussed in Section 6.2.4, The City has adopted local policies related to groundwater management.
The City’s 2004 Water Policy Resolution specifies that new development outside of the current City limits
will not be approved if it would contribute to the City exceeding an average annual pumping rate of
approximately 2,577 AFY. The 2004 Water Policy Resolution is the only local policy determination related
to groundwater management in Sonoma County. The City also has a policy of not allowing private wells
within the City Limits. Since adopting of the 2004 Water Policy Resolution, groundwater pumping has
consistently remained below 2,577 AFY.
6.2.6 Future Groundwater Pumping
The City anticipates that groundwater will continue to be a source of supply. Future groundwater pumping
will be limited to 2,577 AFY in accordance with the Water Policy Resolution, and this volume will be
available under normal, single dry year, and multiple dry year conditions.
6.3 Surface Water
The City does not utilize an independent surface water supply.
6.4 Stormwater
The City does not utilize an independent stormwater supply.
6.5 Wastewater and Recycled Water
The City’s tertiary-treated recycled water supply is produced by Santa Rosa Water. In July of 2015, the City
and the Santa Rosa Water System entered into a Producer Distributor Agreement that made the City the
retail recycled water purveyor to users within the City limits and to Sonoma State University, located just
CWC §10633
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water
source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local
water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier’s service area.
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outside of the City limits. The Producer Distributor Agreement provides the City with a recycled water
allocation of 1,350 AFY. The City uses recycled water primarily for irrigation purposes, and recycled water
demand has varied between 1,160 AFY and 1,350 AFY since 2016.
6.5.1 Recycled Water Coordination
As described above, Santa Rosa Water is the City’s wholesale supplier of recycled water. This UWMP has
been coordinated with Santa Rosa Water.
6.5.2 Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal
The City owns and operates the collection system within its corporate limits and also collects and
transports wastewater generated by Sonoma State University and within the Canon Manor Specific Plan
Area. The City’s collection system consists of approximately 100 miles of gravity sewers, 7.5 miles of force
mains, 16 inverted siphons, and three pump stations that convey sewage to the treatment facility. Most
facilities were installed between 1956 and 1980, though a significant crosstown sewer was installed
between 2005 and 2016. Wastewater is transported to Santa Rosa Water’s Laguna Treatment Plant
through the City’s terminal pump station. Table 6-3 presents the volume of wastewater generated within
the City’s sewer service are in 2025.
Wastewater treatment and disposal is provided by Santa Rosa Water’s Subregional Water Reclamation
System (Subregional System), which also serves the cities of Santa Rosa, Sebastopol, and Cotati.
Wastewater from the Subregional System is treated at the Laguna Water Reclamation Plant, located about
2 miles northwest of Rohnert Park. The City owns capacity rights to 3.43 MGD at the Laguna Water
Reclamation Plant and has an agreement with Santa Rosa Water to use up to 4.46 MGD of capacity rights.
Under the Subregional System’s approved Incremental Recycled Water Program, the City can acquire up
to 5.15 MGD of capacity. Rohnert Park’s current capacity needs are approximately 3.0 MGD.
The Subregional System treats wastewater to Title 22 tertiary recycled water standards. While a great
deal of the Subregional System’s recycled water is used for urban, agricultural or industrial purposes, the
Subregional System maintains a permitted discharge to the Russian River. The Subregional System is
committed to supplying recycled water users first and its permitted discharge is used primarily to manage
variations in hydrologic conditions (for example, in a cool wet year when rainfall is high and irrigation
demand is low, the Subregional System will discharge more water than in a warm dry year when irrigation
demand is high). Although the City is part of the Subregional System, no wastewater is treated within its
limits; therefore, Table 6-4 has not been completed.
CWC §10633 (a)
A description of the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier’s service area, including a
quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal.
CWC §10633 (b)
A description of the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged,
and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project.
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Table 6-3 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 (DWR Table 6-2)
☐ Checked box indicates there is no wastewater collection system.
Proceed to the next table.
80% Percentage of 2025 service area served by wastewater collection system
(OPTIONAL)
100% Percentage of 2025 service area population served by wastewater collection
system (OPTIONAL)
Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewater
Name of Wastewater
Collection Agency
Wastewater
Volume
Metered or
Estimated?
(OPTIONAL)
Volume of
Wastewater
Collected
from UWMP
Service Area
2025 (a)
Name of Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP)
and Place ID Number
Is WWTP
Located
Within
UWMP Area?
City of Rohnert Park Metered 3,934
Santa Rosa Laguna
Subregional Water
Reclamation Facility, Place
ID 255703
No
Total Wastewater Received from
UWMP Service Area in 2025: 3,934
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
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Table 6-4 Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 (DWR Table 6-3)
☒ Checked box indicates no wastewater is treated or disposed of within the UWMP service area.
Proceed to the next table.
Wastewater
Treatment
Plant Name
and Place ID
Number
Does This
Plant Treat
Wastewater
Generated
Outside the
UWMP
Service
Area?
(OPTIONAL)
2025 Volume
of Wastewater
Received from
UWMP Service
Area
(as Reported in
DWR Table 6-2)
Total 2025
Volume of
Water
Treated
2025 Outcomes of Treated Wastewater
Water Recycled
Within UWMP
Service Area
Water Recycled
Outside of UWMP
Service Area
Effluent Discharge
that is not a
Permitted
Recycled Water
Use
Required
Discharge for
Instream Flow
Delivered to Another
Entity for Additional
Treatment
Treat-
ment
Level
Volume Treat-
ment
Level
Volume Treat-
ment
Level
Volume Treat-
ment
Level
Volume Treat-
ment
Level
Volume Name
of
other
entity
Total
NOTES:
Volumes are in units of AF.
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6.5.3 Recycled Water System and Recycled Water Beneficial Uses
As described earlier in this report, the City owns and operates a purple-pipe recycled water system. The
City’s wholesale supplier of recycled water is Santa Rosa Water. The recycled water system is illustrated
in Figure 3-7 (Section 3.5). The majority of the recycled water system was installed in the 1990s, though
several extensions to serve the University District and Southeast Specific Plan Areas have been completed
since 2015. Recycled water is used for irrigation of large landscapes in the City including parks and school
grounds, various commercial and industrial sites, and the Foxtail Golf Course. Recycled water use offsets
historic demands on the City’s potable water system and demands on irrigation wells. Recycled water use
has been between 1,150 and 1,350 AFY since 2016.
Recycled water is currently used to irrigate approximately 580 acres of land within the City. This includes
two City-owned 18-hole golf courses, most City parks, school grounds, and many sites with significant
lawn and landscaped areas. Consistent with the City’s General Plan and Municipal Code requirements, the
recycled water system has been expanded to serve new development. Currently, recycled water use is
generally limited to the 1,350 AFY allocation included in the City’s agreement with Santa Rosa Water.
The beneficial uses served by recycled water are illustrated in Table 6-5. Table 6-6 compares actual use in
2025 to estimates made in the City’s 2020 UWMP. Because the projection reflects the City’s recycled
water allocation, it does not line up with actual recycled water use.
CWC §10633 (c-g)
(c) A description of the recycled water currently being used in the supplier’s service area, including, but not limited
to, the type, place, and quantity of use.
(d) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to,
agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse,
groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse, and other appropriate uses, and a determination with regard to
the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses.
(e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years and
a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this
subdivision.
(f) A description of actions, including financial incentives, which may be taken to encourage the use of recycled
water, and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of recycled water used per year.
(g) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier’s service area, including actions to facilitate the
installation of dual distribution systems, to promote recirculating uses, to facilitate the increased use of treated
wastewater that meets recycled water standards, and to overcome any obstacles to achieving that increased use.
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Table 6-5 Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area (DWR Table 6-4) Checked box indicates recycled water is not used and is not planned for use within the service area of the supplier. The
supplier will only complete the column on "Potential Recycled Water Use" and submit an accompanying narrative on the
feasibility of that potential recycled water use.
Name(s) of Facility/ies Producing (Treating) the Recycled Water (OPTIONAL): Santa Rosa Subregional treatment facility
Name of Supplier Operating the Recycled Water Distribution System (OPTIONAL): City of Santa Rosa Water
Supplemental Water Added in 2025 (volume). Include units (OPTIONAL):
Source of 2025 Supplemental Water (OPTIONAL):
Use Type Water Type
(after treatment if
treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Additional
Information
(as needed)
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Potential Recycled
Water Use
Volume Narrative
page
number
(OPTIONAL)
Landscape irrigation
(exc golf courses) Non-Potable 540 850 850 850 850 850 850
Golf course irrigation Non-Potable 427 500 500 500 500 500 500
Total 966 1350 1350 1350 1350 1350 1350
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) Values may not sum due to rounding.
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Table 6-6 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual (DWR Table 6-5)
☐ Checked box indicates recycled water was not used in 2025 nor previously
projected for use in 2020.
Proceed to the next table.
Use Type 2020 Projection for
2025 (a)
2025 Actual Use (a)
Landscape irrigation (excl. golf courses) 850 540
Golf course irrigation 500 427
Total 1,350 966
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) Values may not sum due to rounding.
6.5.4 Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use
The City has a recycled water use ordinance (Section 13.03.050 of the Rohnert Park Municipal Code). The
City uses its regulatory authority to require extension of recycled water mains and connection of new
landscapes to recycled water, when feasible. As described above, the City’s current recycled water use
can exceed its contractual allotment. Because of this the City will be focused on optimizing recycled water
use to ensure compliance with the terms of its agreement with Santa Rosa Water and is not completing
Table 6-7 regarding expansion of the system.
Table 6-7 Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use (DWR Table 6-6)
☒ Checked box indicates that Supplier does not plan to expand recycled water use
in the future. Supplier will not complete the table below but will provide
narrative explanation.
Pg. 6-15 Provide page location of narrative in UWMP
Name of Action Description Planned
Implementation
Year
Expected
Increase in
Recycled Water
Use (a)
Total
6.6 Desalinated Water Opportunities
The City does not have any current or future desalination water supply plans due to the City’s location in
relation to sea water, as well as the water quality of the Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin.
CWC §10631(g) A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all of the following:
Describe the opportunities for development of desalinated water, including, but not limited to, ocean water,
brackish water, and groundwater, as a long-term supply.
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6.7 Water Exchanges and Transfers
Water transfers are authorized between the Agency’s water contractors under the Restructured
Agreement. The City does not anticipate any transfers or exchanges.
6.8 Future Water Projects
The City is not planning any new or expanded water supply projects as part of the 2025 UWMP, as existing
supplies are sufficient to meet projected demands under all hydrologic conditions. Projects identified in
the 2020 UWMP are ongoing and focus on maintaining system reliability, reducing water loss, and
improving operational resilience. These projects include:
• Groundwater Wells Replacement/Upgrade. The City is evaluating its well system and will be
assessing the yield and condition of its wells. The project will include replacing and/or
supplementing its local groundwater supply well system.
• Water Meter Installation Project. This project will replace residential and commercial meter
technology. The meters have reached the end of their useful life and for accuracy purposes are
being replaced which will help reduce water loss and assist with accurate leak detection.
• Water Tank 9. This project will install a new approximately 1MG gravity feed tank adjacent to the
City’s recently constructed Water Tank 8. The project will assist in providing the storage volume
necessary to support new development in the City and provides resiliency in the event of power
outage emergencies.
Accordingly, Table 6-8 (Planned Water Supply Projects) is not applicable.
CWC §10631 (c) A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all of the following:
Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-term basis.
CWC §10631 A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all of the following:
(b) (3) For any planned sources of water supply, a description of the measures that are being undertaken to
acquire and develop those water supplies.
(f) Include a description of all water supply projects and water supply programs that may be undertaken by the
urban water supplier to meet the total projected water use, as established pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section
10635. The urban water supplier shall include a detailed description of expected future projects and programs
that the urban water supplier may implement to increase the amount of the water supply available to the urban
water supplier in normal and single-dry water years and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water
years. The description shall identify specific projects and include a description of the increase in water supply that
is expected to be available from each project. The description shall include an estimate with regard to the
implementation timeline for each project or program.
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Table 6-8 Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs (DWR Table 6-7)
☒ No expected future water supply projects or programs that provide a quantifiable increase to the agency's water supply.
Supplier will not complete the table below.
☐ Some or all of the supplier's future water supply projects or programs are not compatible with this table and are described
in a narrative format.
Pg. 6-16 Provide page location of narrative in the UWMP.
Name of Future
Projects or
Programs
Joint Project with other
suppliers?
Additional
Description
(as needed)
Water Type
(after treatment
if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Planned
Implementation Year
Planned
for Use in
Year Type
Expected
Increase in
Water
Supply to
Supplier (a)
Yes/no If Yes, Supplier
Name
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
Chapter 6 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Normal Year Water Supply Characterization City of Rohnert Park
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6.9 Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water
The water supply for the City consists of three components: purchased water from Sonoma Water,
pumped groundwater from City owned wells, and recycled water produced by Santa Rosa Water. Table
6-9 presents the City’s utilization of each supply source in 2025. Table 6-10 presents the City’s projected
supply from each source for the planning period from 2030 through 2050.
Table 6-9 Water Supplies – 2025 Actual (DWR Table 6-8)
Water Supply Additional Description
(as needed)
2025
Water Type
(after treatment if
treated)
Actual
Volume
Total
Entitlement
Purchased or
Imported Water
Sonoma County Water
Agency Potable 2,914 6,250
Groundwater (not
desalinated) Santa Rosa Plain Basin Potable 1,666 2,577
Recycled Water Santa Rosa Water Non-Potable 966 1,350
Subtotal Potable 4,580 8,827
Subtotal non-potable 966 1,350
Total 5,546 10,177
NOTES:
Volumes are in units of AF.
CWC §10631(b)
Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier
over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a).
CWC §10631(b)(2)
When multiple sources of water supply are identified, a description of the management of each supply in
correlation with the other identified supplies.
CWC §10631(b)(4)(D)
A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped
by the urban water supplier. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably
available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.
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Table 6-10 Water Supplies – Projected (DWR Table 6-9)
Water Supply
Additional
Detail on
Water
Supply
Potable or
Non-
Potable
Projected Water Supply (Report to the Extent Practicable)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (opt)
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Groundwater
(not
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Santa
Rosa Plain
Basin
Potable 2,577 2,577 2,577 2,577 2,577 2,577 2,577 2,577 2,577 2,577
Recycled
Water
Santa
Rosa
Water
Non-
Potable 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350
Subtotal Potable 8,827 8,827 8,827 8,827 8,827 8,827 8,827 8,827 8,827 8,827
Subtotal Non-Potable 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350
Total 10,177 10,177 10,177 10,177 10,177 10,177 10,177 10,177 10,177 10,177
NOTES:
(a) Volumes are in units of AF.
(b) Reasonably available volume for SCWA reflects the minimum contractual allotment from SCWA. The City’s contract with SCWA allows for
purchases of up to 7,500 AFY but the City has conservatively assumed a reliable supply of 6,250 AFY.
(c) Surface water volumes are estimated based on modeling performed by Woodard and Curran. (d) Volumes are in units of AF.
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6.10 Special Conditions
Special conditions including climate change effects, regulatory conditions and project development, and
other locally applicable criteria may affect supply availability, as described in the following subsections.
6.10.1 Climate Change Effects
Impacts to the City’s water supplies due to climate change are described below.
Sonoma Water Supply
Sonoma Water completed its Climate Adaptation Plan in October 2021. This Climate Adaptation Plan
includes a vulnerability assessment, risk assessment, and potential adaptation concepts. The following
summary of the risk assessment results for the Sonoma Water supply system is provided in the Climate
Adaptation Plan’s Table 15:
• PVP 9 and Lake Mendocino was considered moderate risk due to its sensitivity to modest changes
in hydrology and importance in providing flows for the upper Russian River for instream flows,
flood control, and buffering impacts to Lake Sonoma.
• Lake Sonoma was assessed to have moderate/high risk primarily due to the drought and wildfire
risks. The importance of the facility for providing water supply, hydropower, and ecosystem
benefits led to high consequences should the operation be restricted.
• Wohler and Mirabel diversion facilities have high risk across all categories. These facilities and
operations are susceptible to flooding, and wildfire/post-fire threats. The dependence on natural
watershed processes (regulated flow, natural filtration, etc.) is a strength of the water supply
system, but any failure of these systems or risk to the facilities themselves pose high risks.
Financial, social, and governance risks would be considered high if these facilities were to be
operated at limited capacity.
• River Road Chlorination Facility, Wohler Chlorination and Corrosion Control Facility, and Mirabel
Chlorination Facility are assessed with moderate risk. While they may suffer temporary impacts
due to climate change, redundancy of operations between facilities may reduce overall risk.
• Ely Booster Pump Station is considered high risk with respect to system function.
The Climate Action Plan includes a recommended water supply adaptation strategy that consists of five
major actions that include specific projects to address these risks, such as development of a water
diversion facilities protection program to protect Wohler and Mirabel diversion infrastructure, an
expanded FIRO program to increase operational flexibility at Lake Mendocino, and development of
regional water supply strategies to improve system integration and regional resilience.
Groundwater
Climate change can affect the availability and yield from groundwater aquifers. Groundwater levels in the
area fluctuate depending on precipitation, aquifer recharge, and pumping. As is the case with the Sonoma
Water supply, long-term studies and management plans are focused on minimizing this impact. SGMA
requires that GSPs include basin-wide water budget models under various climate change scenarios,
including future conditions that account for the effects of estimated climate change. The Subbasin GSP
incorporates a climate change scenario that incorporates changes to precipitation, surface water flows,
and sea level rise. When the climate change scenario is applied to the projected water budget, the model
indicates an average loss of groundwater in storage over the 50-year modeling period. The projects and
9 Since the time the Climate Adaptation Plan was prepared, it was determined that the PVP would be
decommissioned. See Section 7.1.1 for more information.
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management actions identified in the GSP incorporated future climate change and growth consideration
to address this and any other potential negative impacts. Given the planning timeframe of this UWMP
(2050), groundwater supply is not expected to be impacted by climate change assuming the projects and
management actions move forward according to the implementation plan described in the GSP.
Recycled Water
Santa Rosa Water stores recycled water in large, above-ground storage ponds which also collect
rainwater. Because of this and because of sewer system inflow and infiltration, more recycled water is
available during wet years because of rainfall on the ponds and less recycled water can be available in
drier years. Because rainfall patterns are expected to become more variable, the recycled water supply
may also experience some variability and limit the City’s recycled water supply to the allocation defined
in its contract with Santa Rosa Water.
6.10.2 Regulatory Conditions and Project Development
Emerging regulatory conditions may affect planned future projects and the characterization of future
water supply availability and analysis. The City does not have any current plans to develop additional
supply, as described in Section 6.8. If the City does move forward with plans to develop supply projects,
emerging regulatory conditions will be considered, and the associated water supply reliability impacts will
be assessed in future UWMP updates.
6.10.3 Other Locally Applicable Criteria
Other locally applicable criteria may affect characterization and availability of an identified water supply
(e.g., changes in regional water transfer rules may alter the availability of a water supply that had
historically been readily available). If the City does move forward with any plans to develop supply
projects, locally applicable criteria will be considered, and the associated water supply reliability impacts
will be assessed in future UWMP updates.
6.11 Energy Intensity
In accordance with CWC §10631.2(a), the energy intensity to provide water service to the City’s customers
over a one-year period is presented in this section to the extent that the information is available. The City
CWC §10631.2
(a) In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include any of the
following information that the urban water supplier can readily obtain:
(1) An estimate of the amount of energy used to extract or divert water supplies.
(2) An estimate of the amount of energy used to convey water supplies to the water treatment plants or
distribution systems.
(3) An estimate of the amount of energy used to treat water supplies.
(4) An estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies through its distribution systems.
(5) An estimate of the amount of energy used for treated water supplies in comparison to the amount used for
nontreated water supplies.
(6) An estimate of the amount of energy used to place water into or withdraw from storage.
(7) Any other energy-related information the urban water supplier deems appropriate.
(b) The department shall include in its guidance for the preparation of urban water management plans a
methodology for the voluntary calculation or estimation of the energy intensity of urban water systems. The
department may consider studies and calculations conducted by the Public Utilities Commission in
developing the methodology.
(c) The Legislature finds and declares that energy use is only one factor in water supply planning and shall not
be considered independently of other factors.
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used the Total Utility Approach for reporting energy intensity. This approach reports a single energy
intensity for all water management operations. The energy intensity is reported for the calendar year
2025, and utility bills for the associated period are used as the source for energy consumption data. Table
6-11 represents an estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies through the
distribution systems within the City’s operational control.
Table 6-11b Recommended Energy Reporting: Single Delivery Product, Total Utility Approach
(DWR Table O-1B)
Water Delivery Product Retail Potable
Deliveries
Only for Water Delivery Products Under the
Urban Water Supplier’s Operational Control
Start Date of Reporting Period 1/1/2025
Sum of All Water
Management
Processes
Non-Consequential
Hydropower End Date of Reporting Period 12/31/2025
Is upstream embedded energy in
the values reported? No
Units of Measure for Water AF Total Utility Hydropower Net Utility
Volume of Water Entering Process 4,623 4,623
Energy Consumed (kWh) 1,527,459 1,527,459
Energy Intensity (kWh/vol. converted to MG) 1,014 - 1,014
Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy
0 kWh
Data Quality (Estimate, Metered Data, Combination of Estimates and Metered Data)
Combination of Estimates and Metered Data
Data Quality Narrative:
Volume of water entering process is based on metered data.
Energy consumption for the water utility was estimated based on the portion of electricity costs to the City of
Rohnert Park associated with the water utility. In calendar year 2025, this amount was $549,885. Assuming an
average rate of $0.36/kWh, it is estimated that the water utility for the City used approximately 1,527,459 kWh
in 2025.
Narrative:
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7 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT
The City’s long-term water supply portfolio is comprised of Sonoma Water supply, local groundwater
supply, and recycled water supply.
This chapter summarizes the long-term reliability and vulnerability of these sources based on the more
detailed descriptions found in Chapter 6. It considers the City’s ability to meet water needs through 2050
under normal conditions, single-dry year conditions, and a five consecutive dry year (multiple dry year)
period. In addition, this chapter provides a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) which considers water supply
and demand under the assumption that the next five years (2026-2030) will experience a drought that is
hydrologically equivalent to the driest five consecutive years on record. The water service reliability
assessment through 2050 and the DRA for 2026-2030 combine the details of the water use analysis in
Chapter 4 and the water supply analysis in Chapter 6.
7.1 Constraints on Water Sources
The City balances its three supply sources using a conjunctive use strategy which provides it with a reliable
and resilient water supply portfolio. The City’s planning takes into account potential legal, environmental,
water quality, and climatic effects on the reliability of water supply sources through the year 2050, which
is the planning horizon of this UWMP. As discussed in Chapter 6, the City uses a “reasonably available”
estimate for each water supply in its planning and in some cases discounts its contractually guaranteed
supply volumes, in order to account for constraints on the supply.
7.1.1 Supply Availability
The following sections describe the potential constraints on each of the City’s water supplies, including
Sonoma Water supplies, groundwater, and recycled water.
Purchased Water
As described in Chapter 6, the City’s Sonoma Water supply experiences legal, hydrologic and
environmental constraints. Sonoma Water’s current water rights of 75,000 AFY are less than the 101,000
AFY water right assumed when its supply contract with its contractors (the Restructured Agreement),
including the City, was negotiated. In addition, the Biological Opinion issued in April 2025 and
decommissioning of the PVP have the potential to impact future supply availability. As such, the City
estimates its reliable supply from Sonoma Water as 6,250 AFY rather than the 7,500 AFY allocation
provided in the Restructured Agreement.
Sonoma Water’s supply has hydrologic constraints that have been incorporated into Sonoma Water’s
model, RR ResSim. As described in Chapter 6, modeling performed for Sonoma Water’s 2025 UWMP
predicts Sonoma Water has adequate water supply to meet 100 percent of its projected demands,
expected to reach approximately 59,308 acre-feet by 2050, under all simulated conditions.
CWC §10620 (f)
An urban water supplier shall describe in the plan water management tools and options used by that entity that
will maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.
CWC §10630.5
Each plan shall include a simple lay description of how much water the agency has on a reliable basis, how much
it needs for the foreseeable future, what the agency’s strategy is for meeting its water needs, the challenges
facing the agency, and any other information necessary to provide a general understanding of the agency’s plan.
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Sonoma Water’s supply remains subject to uncertainty around the Russian River Biological Opinion and
the PVP decommissioning, which are both described in Chapter 6. In its 2025 UWMP Sonoma Water
acknowledged this uncertainty but did not believe these issues would impact its water supply during the
current planning period.
Groundwater
As described in Chapter 6 and its 2005 WSA, the City analyzed groundwater trends in order to develop a
groundwater pumping rate of 2,577 AFY that is sustainable under all hydrologic conditions. The GSP has
estimated the Subbasin sustainable yield at 23,900 AFY, though this has not been allocated among
pumpers. Future pumping scenarios, including the City’s 2,577 AFY assumption, were incorporated into
the groundwater model prepared for the GSP and therefore was accounted for as part of sustainable
management of the Subbasin. The City’s groundwater pumping capacity is not considered a limitation to
supply availability.
Recycled Water
The City has a contract for a recycled water supply of 1,350 AFY. This supply is reliable under all hydrologic
conditions, however at this point the City has largely committed the supply to uses within its service area
and is not planning on expanding recycled water use substantially during the planning period. While the
City’s recycled water supply meets all water quality standards for unrestricted non-potable use, it cannot
be used to meet potable demands.
7.1.2 Water Quality
Impaired water quality also has the potential to affect water supply reliability. The City has and will
continue to meet all state and federal water quality regulations. All drinking water standards are set by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under the authorization of the Federal Safe Drinking
Water Act of 1974. In California, the SWRCB, DDW can either adopt the USEPA standards or set more
stringent standards, which are then codified in Title 22 of the CCR. There are two general types of drinking
water standards:
• Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) are health protective standards and are
established using a very conservative risk-based approach for each constituent that takes into
potential health effects, detectability and treatability, and costs of treatment. Public water
systems may not serve water that exceeds Primary MCLs for any constituent.
• Secondary MCLs are based on the aesthetic qualities of the water such as taste, odor, color, and
certain mineral content, and are considered limits for constituents that may affect consumer
acceptance of the water.
The City routinely monitors its wells and the water that is treated and served to customers to ensure that
water delivered to customers meets these drinking water standards. The results of this testing are
reported to the SWRCB DDW following each test and are summarized annually in Water Quality Reports
(also known as Consumer Confidence Reports), which are provided to customers electronically and made
available on the City’s website: https://www.rpcity.org/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/2116.
CWC §10634
The plan shall include information, to the extent practicable, relating to the quality of existing sources of water
available to the supplier over the same five-year increments as described in subdivision (a) of Section 10631, and
the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.
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Although there is the potential for some regulated constituents to be present in source water, the City’s
monitoring, management, and treatment of its water results in high quality drinking water meeting all
drinking water standards being served to customers. The City tracks changes in constituent concentrations
to proactively address water quality issues before they impact supply reliability. In the event that water
quality constituents are detected in source water at concentrations requiring treatment, the City is able
to take impacted wells offline to implement appropriate treatment.
Given City’s proactive monitoring and management of water quality in its source water supplies, water
quality is not expected to impact the reliability of City’s available supplies within the planning horizon (i.e.,
through 2050).
7.1.3 Climate Change
Section 6.10.1 provides a summary of potential climate change impacts on supplies. The final Santa Rosa
Plain Subbasin GSP includes a basin water budget that incorporates climate variability and climate change
scenarios to evaluate potential impacts on groundwater sustainability.
7.2 Reliability by Type of Year
Per the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the water service reliability assessment includes three unique year types:
• A normal hydrologic year represents the water supplies available under normal conditions, this
could be an average range of years or a single representative year.
• A single dry year represents the lowest available water supply.
• A five-consecutive year drought represents the driest five-year period in the historical record.
CWC §10631 (b) (1)
…For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to the reliability analysis conducted
pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change.
CWC §10631 (b)
Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier
over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), providing supporting and related information,
including all of the following:
CWC §10631 (b)(1)
A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, single dry year, and droughts
lasting at least five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, as described in the drought
risk assessment. For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to the reliability analysis
conducted pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change.
CWC §10635 (a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the
reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply
and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the
long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a
single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment
shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state,
regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.
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Identification of these dry year periods consistent with the 2025 UWMP Guidebook methodology is
provided below (Table 7-1). The representative year types align with the years used in the Sonoma Water
2025 UWMP. As part of its 2025 UWMP, Sonoma Water modeled available supply under each of these
year types. Sonoma Water’s modeling indicates there is adequate supply to meet retailer demands for
purchased water for all hydrologic conditions. Groundwater pumped by Sonoma Water is expected to
make up the balance between projected demands and Sonoma Water available supply, and has been
sufficient in the past to meet the balance of demands in years when Sonoma Water purchases are reduced
(Sonoma Water, 2026).
Groundwater is expected to be available to meet future demands out to 2050, assuming the projects and
management actions described in the Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin GSP are implemented, including
increasing groundwater storage using the District’s ASR wells (Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin GSA, 2021).
Table 7-1 Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) (DWR Table 7-1)
Year Type Base Year
Available Supplies if Year Type Repeats
☐
Checked box indicates quantification of
available supplies is not compatible with
this table and is provided elsewhere in
the UWMP. Location:_______________
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this
table as either volume only, percent only, or both.
Volume Available % of Average Supply
Average Year 1999 10,117 100%
Single-Dry Year 1977 8,852 87%
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year 1987 8,852 87%
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year 1988 8,852 87%
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year 1989 8,852 87%
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year 1990 8,852 87%
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year 1991 8,852 87%
NOTES:
Volumes are in units of AF.
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7.3 Supply and Demand Assessment
Water supply availability may change during normal, single dry, and multiple dry years. This assessment
compares projected water demands to total water supply sources for a normal water year, a single-dry
water year, and a dry period lasting five consecutive years. The water supply service reliability analysis
extends through 2050 in five-year increments and is based on the information provided in Chapters 4 and
6.
7.4 Normal Year Supply and Demand Assessment
As discussed in Section 7.1, the City assumes the following regarding demands and supply reliability in
normal years:
• Sonoma Water Supply: As described in Sonoma Water’s 2025 UWMP and summarized in
Chapter 6 of this UWMP, Sonoma Water’s model projects being able to provide up to 75,000
AFY during normal water years through 2050, allowing the City to reliably plan to receive 6,250
AFY of contract water.
• Groundwater: As discussed in Chapter 6, the City projects being able to produce up to 2,577 AFY
of groundwater from its potable wells during normal water years through 2050.
• Recycled Water: As discussed in Chapter 6, the City’s allocation of recycled water from Santa
Rosa Water is 1,350 AFY, which is reliable in normal, single dry and multiple dry years.
• Demands: As discussed in Chapter 4, the City has projected water demand through 2050 in five-
year increments. These projections are for normal year demands, which reflect anticipated
water use when the City is not experiencing a water shortage.
Table 7-2 shows the projected supply and demand totals for a normal year. As shown, the City anticipates
having adequate water supplies to meet demands through 2050.
CWC §10635(a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the
reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply
and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the
long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a
single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment
shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state,
regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.
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Table 7-2 Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-2)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Supply totals
(from Table 6-10 [DWR Table 6-9]) 10,177 10,177 10,177 10,177 10,177
Use totals
(from Table 4-5 [DWR Table 4-2]) 6,516 6,758 7,016 7,286 7,564
Surplus/(shortfall) 3,661 3,419 3,161 2,891 2,613
NOTES:
Volumes are in units of AF.
7.4.1 Single-Dry Year Supply and Demand Assessment
The City assumes the following regarding demand and supply reliability in single dry years:
• Sonoma Water Supply: As described in Sonoma Water’s 2025 UWMP and summarized in
Chapter 6 of this UWMP, Sonoma Water’s model concludes that there is adequate water supply
to meet all projected demands through 2050 under all simulated conditions, including single dry
years. Due to uncertainties regarding PVP decommissioning and the Biological Opinion, the City
is conservatively assuming potential shortages under single dry years and multiple dry years are
equal to those assumed under the City’s 2020 UWMP. Therefore, the City assumes that in a
single dry year, 4,925 AFY of Sonoma Water supply will be available.
• Groundwater: As discussed in Chapter 6, the City projects that groundwater supply would not
be reduced during a single-dry year. The City projects having 2,577 AFY of potable groundwater
during single-dry years through 2050.
• Recycled Water: As discussed in Chapter 6, the City’s allocation of recycled water from Santa
Rosa Water is 1,350 AFY, which is reliable in a single dry year.
• Demands: The demand projections included in Table 4-5 are assumed to remain the same in
single dry years.
Table 7-3 provides a comparison of projected total water supply and demand during the single dry year.
As shown, the City anticipates having adequate water supplies to meet demands through 2050.
Table 7-3 Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-3)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Supply totals 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852
Use totals 6,516 6,758 7,016 7,286 7,564
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,336 2,094 1,836 1,566 1,288
NOTES:
Volumes are in units of AF.
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7.4.2 Multiple Dry Year Supply and Demand Assessment
The City assumes the following regarding demand and supply reliability in multiple dry years:
• Sonoma Water Supply: As described in Sonoma Water’s 2025 UWMP and summarized in
Chapter 6 of this UWMP, Sonoma Water’s model concludes that there is adequate water supply
to meet all projected demands through 2050 under all simulated conditions, including multipe
dry years. Due to uncertainties regarding PVP decommissioning and the Biological Opinion, the
City is conservatively assuming potential shortages under single dry years and multiple dry years
are equal to those assumed under the City’s 2020 UWMP. Therefore, the City assumes that in a
in multiple dry years, 4,925 AFY of Sonoma Water supply will be available.
• Groundwater: As discussed in Chapter 6, the City projects that groundwater supply would not
be reduced during multiple dry year. The City projects having 2,577 AFY of potable groundwater
during multiple dry years through 2050.
• Recycled Water: As discussed in Chapter 6, the City’s allocation of recycled water from Santa
Rosa Water is 1,350 AFY, which is reliable in normal, single dry and multiple dry years.
• Demands: The demand projections included in Table 4-5 are assumed to remain the same in
multiple dry years.
As shown in Table 7-4, the City projects having adequate water supplies for dry five-year periods that are
hydrologically equivalent to the five driest consecutive years on record (1987-1991) to meet demands
through 2050.
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Table 7-4 Five Consecutive Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison (DWR Table 7-4)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
First
year
Supply totals 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852
Use totals 6,516 6,758 7,016 7,286 7,564
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,336 2,094 1,836 1,566 1,288
Second
year
Supply totals 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852
Use totals 6,516 6,758 7,016 7,286 7,564
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,336 2,094 1,836 1,566 1,288
Third
year
Supply totals 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852
Use totals 6,516 6,758 7,016 7,286 7,564
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,336 2,094 1,836 1,566 1,288
Fourth
year
Supply totals 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852
Use totals 6,516 6,758 7,016 7,286 7,564
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,336 2,094 1,836 1,566 1,288
Fifth
year
Supply totals 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852 8,852
Use totals 6,516 6,758 7,016 7,286 7,564
Surplus/(shortfall) 2,336 2,094 1,836 1,566 1,288
NOTES:
Volumes are in units of AF.
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7.5 Water Supply Management Tools and Options
Because the City has adequate water supply, it is not planning to undertake projects or implement
management tools and options to increase supply. The City will continue to work with Sonoma Water and
the Santa Rosa Plain GSA on regional reliability enhancement projects. The City also anticipates
undertaking additional demand management activity to comply with the state’s developing standards for
urban water use.
7.6 Drought Risk Assessment
In addition to the long-term water service reliability assessment presented above, the Drought Risk
Assessment evaluates the City’s supply risks under a severe drought period lasting for the next five
consecutive years after the assessment is completed, i.e., from 2026 through 2030. The Drought Risk
Assessment is intended to inform the demand management measures (DMMs) and water supply projects
and programs to be included in the UWMP (Section 9). Suppliers may conduct an interim update or
updates to this Drought Risk Assessment within the five-year cycle of its UWMP update (i.e., before the
2030 UWMP).
7.6.1 Data, Methods, and Basis for Water Shortage Condition
This evaluation considers historical drought hydrology and plausible changes on projected supplies and
demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable
criteria.
CWC §10620 (f)
An urban water supplier shall describe in the plan water management tools and options used by that entity that
will maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.
CWC §10635(b)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment
for its water service to its customers as part of information considered in developing the demand management
measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the urban water management plan. The
urban water supplier may conduct an interim update or updates to this drought risk assessment within the five-
year cycle of its urban water management plan update. The drought risk assessment shall include each of the
following:
(1) A description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are
necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive water years,
starting from the year following when the assessment is conducted.
(2) A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions. This
may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all,
conditions.
(3) A comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water
use for the drought period.
(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands
under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
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As a first step to the Drought Risk Assessment, the City estimated unconstrained water demand for the
next five years (i.e., 2026-2030). Unconstrained water demand is the expected water use in the absence
of drought water use restrictions. The characteristic five-year water demand is described in Section 4.5.5.
The available potable water supplies assumed in the Drought Risk Assessment are based upon the same
methodology and assumptions used for the long-term water service reliability assessment (Section 7.3).
The approach for estimating the City’s available supplies follow below, as part of the Drought Risk
Assessment.
7.6.2 Drought Risk Assessment Individual Water Source Reliability
As described in Chapter 6, the City relies on a combination of Sonoma Water supply, local groundwater
and recycled water. The driest five-year period on record used for this analysis is equal to the period used
for the water supply reliability assessment described in Section 7.2. The City’s available supply and
demand during the five-consecutive-year drought are based on the following:
• Projected water supply availability for 2026 through 2030 (Source: Sonoma Water 2025 UWMP,
supply availability described in Section 7.1)
• Projected water use for 2026 through 2030 (Section 4.5.5)
7.6.3 Drought Risk Assessment Total Water Supply and Use Comparison
Table 7-5 provides a comparison of the water supply sources available to City with the total projected
water use for an assumed drought period of 2026 through 2030.
City’s supply is expected to be sufficient to meet demands in all hydrologic conditions, including an
extended five-year drought period.
Table 7-5 Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Tables (DWR Table 7-5)
2026 Total
Total Water Use 5,656
Total Supplies 8,852
Surplus/Shortfall without WSCP Action 3,112
2027 Total
Total Water Use 5,871
Total Supplies 8,852
Surplus/Shortfall without WSCP Action 2,918
2028 Total
Total Water Use 6,086
Total Supplies 8,852
Surplus/Shortfall without WSCP Action 2,724
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2029 Total
Total Water Use 6,301
Total Supplies 8,852
Surplus/Shortfall without WSCP Action 2,530
2030 Total
Total Water Use 6,516
Total Supplies 8,852
Surplus/Shortfall without WSCP Action 2,336
NOTES:
Volumes are in units of AF.
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8 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLANNING
The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) for the City is included in this UWMP as Appendix I. The
WSCP serves as a standalone document to be engaged in the case of a water shortage event, such as a
drought or supply interruption, and defines specific policies and actions that will be implemented at
various shortage level scenarios. The primary objective of the WSCP is to ensure that the City has in place
the necessary resources and management responses needed to protect health and human safety,
minimize economic disruption, and preserve environmental and community assets during water supply
shortages and interruptions.
Consistent with CWC §10632, the WSCP includes six levels to address shortage conditions ranging from
up to 10% to greater than 50% shortage, identifies a suite of demand mitigation measures for City to
implement at each level, and identifies procedures for City to annually assess whether or not a water
shortage is likely to occur in the coming year, among other things.
A summary of the key elements of the WSCP including water shortage levels and demand-reduction
actions is shown in Table 8-1, Table 8-2, and Table 8-3. Additional details are provided in Appendix I.
Table 8-1 Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels (DWR Table 8-1)
☒ Checked box indicates the supplier uses the standard six levels of water shortage
(and supplier will not complete this table).
Standard
Shortage Levels Percent Shortage Range Suppliers Shortage Levels Percent Shortage Range
1 Up to 10% - -
2 Up to 20% - -
3 Up to 30% - -
4 Up to 40% - -
5 Up to 50% - -
6 >50% - -
CWC §10640
(a) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall prepare its plan pursuant to
Article 2 (commencing with Section 10630). The supplier shall likewise periodically review the plan as required by
Section 10621, and any amendments or changes required as a result of that review shall be adopted pursuant to
this article.
(b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a water shortage contingency plan shall prepare a water
shortage contingency plan pursuant to Section 10632. The supplier shall likewise periodically review the water
shortage contingency plan as required by paragraph (10) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and any amendments
or changes required as a result of that review shall be adopted pursuant to this article.
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Table 8-2 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (DWR Table 8-2)
Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no)
Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation Methods and Other
Actions by Water Supplier
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL) Volume or
Percentage
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
1-6 Other Actions Percentage Up to 100%
Utilize conjunctive capacity to offset Sonoma
Water shortages with groundwater or
groundwater disruptions with Sonoma Water
supply. Groundwater can meet winter water
demands in absence of Sonoma Water supply.
Sonoma Water supply, when available, can meet
all potable water demands if groundwater supply
is disrupted.
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Table 8-3 Demand Reduction Actions (DWR Table 8-3)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no)
Shortage
Level Demand Reduction Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement? Volume or
Percentage
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
1 Expand Public Information
Campaign Percentage 2% Expand Public Information Campaign No
1 Other Percentage 2% Increase Water Waste Patrols No
2 Landscape - Limit landscape
irrigation to specific times Percentage 5% Limit Landscape Irrigation to between 8pm
and 6am
Yes
2 CII - Lodging establishment must
offer opt out of linen service Percentage 0%-1% Lodging establishments must offer opt out
of linen service
Yes
2 CII - Restaurants may only serve
water upon request Percentage 0%-1% Restaurants may only serve water upon
request
Yes
2 Other water feature or swimming
pool restriction Percentage 0%-1% Prohibiting filling new pools Yes
2
Other - Prohibit vehicle washing
except at facilities using recycled
or recirculating water
Percentage 1%
Prohibiting vehicle washing except at
facilities using recycled or recirculating
water
Yes
2 Other Percentage 0%-1%
No new potable water hauler accounts
authorized except as required by state
regulations
Yes
2 Other Percentage Up to 5% Level 1 actions remain Yes
3 Moratorium or Net Zero Demand
Increase on New Connections Percentage Not
available
Require no net water use for development Yes
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Shortage
Level Demand Reduction Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement? Volume or
Percentage
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
3 Landscape - Limit landscape
irrigation to specific days Percentage 8%
Prohibit potable water irrigation except for
Tuesdays and Saturdays between 8 pm and
6 am
Yes
3 Implement or Modify Drought Rate
Structure or Surcharge Percentage Up to 5% Implement 5% surcharge rate Yes
3 Other Percentage Up to 15% Level 1 and 2 actions remain Yes
4 Landscape - Other landscape
restriction or prohibition Percentage Not
available
Prohibit new landscape installation Yes
4 Implement or Modify Drought Rate
Structure or Surcharge Percentage Up to 10% Implement 10% drought rate surcharge Yes
4
Other - Prohibit use of potable
water for construction and dust
control
Percentage 0%-1%
Recycled water must be used for
construction dust control if it is available
and a filling station is within one mile of
the construction site
Yes
4 Landscape - Other landscape
restriction or prohibition Percentage Not
available
Installation or replanting of any
landscaping is prohibited.
Yes
4 Other Percentage Up to 25% Level 1, 2, and 3 actions Yes
5 Landscape - Prohibit certain types
of landscape irrigation Percentage 10%
No landscape irrigation except for food
gardens and mature trees. Public
ornamental irrigation limited to 2 days per
week between 8pm and 6 am
Yes
5 Moratorium or Net Zero Demand
Increase on New Connections Percentage Not
available
Require no net water use for development Yes
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Shortage
Level Demand Reduction Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement? Volume or
Percentage
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
5 Landscape - Limit landscape
irrigation to specific days Percentage 1% Public ornamental irrigation limited to 1
day per week
Yes
5 Implement or Modify Drought Rate
Structure or Surcharge Percentage Up to 15% Drought Surcharge of 15% No
5 Other Percentage Up to 35% Level 1, 2, 3, and 4 actions No
6 Implement or Modify Drought Rate
Structure or Surcharge Percentage Up to 20% Drought Surcharge of 20% No
6 Landscape - Prohibit all landscape
irrigation Percentage 15%
Prohibit all landscaping irrigation except
for parks for public use as determined by
the Director of Public Works
Yes
6 Other Percentage Up to 45% Level 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 actions Yes
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9 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
This chapter provides an overview of the City’s current and planned Demand Management Measures
(DMMs), as well as an overview of the expected water savings.
9.1 Regional Water Conservation
As described in Chapter 2, the 13 SMSWP water suppliers in Sonoma and Marin Counties include the Cities
of Santa Rosa, Rohnert Park, Petaluma, Sonoma, Cotati, Cloverdale, and Healdsburg, North Marin Water
District, Marin Municipal Water District, Town of Windsor, California American Water – Larkfield District,
Sonoma Water, and Valley of the Moon Water District (Partners). The SMSWP was formed in 2010 and its
Memorandum of Understanding was amended in May 2018, extending the term another ten years and
adding language to streamline the addition of members to the SMSWP.
Sonoma Water coordinates the work of the SMSWP in conjunction with the Water Advisory Committee
(WAC), which provides input to Sonoma Water and holds certain powers and responsibilities enumerated
in the Restructured Agreement for Water Supply between Sonoma Water and SMSWP. The SMSWP is
committed to continued water conservation and is in compliance with the final 2020 gallons per capita
targets established by Senate Bill X7-7 as described in Chapter 5.
Funding
Sonoma Water’s wholesaler water conservation programs are funded by the Partners annually through a
WAC recommended budget that allocates a Water Conservation sub-charge for each acre-foot of water
sold. The Partners agreed to expend $15 million dollars on water conservation implementation from July
2018 through June 2028. They have also agreed to maintain membership in good standing with the
California Water Efficiency Partnership (CalWEP) and implement or use best efforts to secure the
implementation of any water conservation requirements added as terms or conditions of Sonoma Water’s
appropriative water rights or other regulation or law. Sonoma Water pursues grant funding on behalf of
CWC §10631 (e)
Provide a description of the supplier’s water demand management measures. This description shall include all of
the following:
(1) (A) For an urban retail water supplier, as defined in Section 10608.12, a narrative description that addresses
the nature and extent of each water demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The
narrative shall describe the water demand management measures that the supplier plans to implement to
achieve its water use targets pursuant to Section 10608.20.
(B) The narrative pursuant to this paragraph shall include descriptions of the following water demand
management measures:
(i) Water waste prevention ordinances.
(ii) Metering.
(iii) Conservation pricing.
(iv) Public education and outreach.
(v) Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss.
(vi) Water conservation program coordination and staffing support.
(vii) Other demand management measures that have a significant impact on water use as measured in gallons
per capita per day, including innovative measures, if implemented.
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the SMSWP to offset some of the programmatic costs associated with water use efficiency (WUE)
programs and to test new technology.
Annual Report
The Partners are committed to remain as members in good standing of CalWEP and to implement water
conservation measures that provide regional benefits and/or that may exceed the targets established
from time to time by the Partners or the state. The Partners will implement or use best efforts to secure
the implementation of any water conservation requirements and will publish an Annual Report to track
progress. The Annual Report will track program implementation, highlight program milestones, and
reinforce the importance of protecting and preserving water resources for future generations. The
2024/2025 Annual Report for the SMSWP could be found in the SMSWP’s website.10
Water and Energy Education Program
The Water and Energy Education Program is a comprehensive approach to helping educators teach
students the “value” of water as an important natural resource. Water and energy conservation and
stewardship of our local watersheds are promoted throughout the program. Students are encouraged to
use water wisely and make environmentally sustainable choices to help secure a reliable source of
freshwater now and in the future. The program includes classroom instructional presentations, field study
opportunities at Sonoma Water’s Westside Education Facility, free curriculum materials aligned with the
existing California State Frameworks and the California Science Standards, a lending library of videos,
interactive models and printed materials, production of a newsletter for teachers and endorsement,
participation and financial sponsorship of events, assemblies, and workshops. All of the education
programs and materials are free to teachers in the service area, which covers over 200 schools throughout
Sonoma and northern Marin counties.
The total number of students receiving direct instruction in 2024/2025 was 17,392. Students in 2,129
classrooms received school supplies from the program, 21 students participated in the water awareness
video contest, 78 classrooms participated in the Steelhead in the Classroom program, and 9,148 students
participated in ZunZun Musical Watershed Assemblies.
Public Outreach Program
The SMSWP develops an annual regional outreach campaign that aligns with the region’s current water
supply conditions and promotes water use efficiency programs. Sonoma Water, in collaboration with the
members of the SMSWP, produces collateral material that aligns with the specific campaign. Sonoma
Water coordinates an annual media buy that includes outreach in English and Spanish. Each member of
the SMSWP can choose to supplement the campaign with their own media buys. The buys generally
include the following:
• Radio (streaming and broadcast),
• Newsprint and online digital media placements in 14 various local publications,
• Sonoma County Fair presence,
• Social Media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, NextDoor),
• Mall banners, and
• Movie theater trailers.
10 The 2024-2025 Annual Report for the SMSWP: https://www.savingwaterpartnership.org/wp-
content/uploads/2026/01/SMSWP-Annual-Report-2025-web.pdf
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Regional Programs
Sonoma Water on behalf of the SMSWP implements numerous regional programs. This includes offering
staff support for interested Partners as a cost-effective way to offer local programs to customers of
smaller agencies. Some of these programs are:
• High Efficiency Clothes Washer Water Rebate – a rebate for replacing a top-loading clothes
washer with a qualifying front-loading clothes washer.
• Green Business Program – Certification for local businesses that are going green.
• Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper Training Program – A low-cost professional certification
program that educates landscapers about irrigation system auditing, while providing customers
with a trusted source for knowledgeable hired help that can save them water.
• Eco-Friendly Garden Tour – An annual self-guided garden tour in Sonoma County and North Marin
that promotes sustainable landscaping practices.
• Garden Sense – A free garden consultation program open to all Sonoma County residents.
Consultants provide site-specific advice on lawn removal, sprinkler conversion to drip irrigation,
and low water use plant selection.
• DIY Energy and Water Savings Toolkit – The Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Home Energy and Water Saving
Toolkits are stocked with energy and water saving supplies that can help measure how much
energy or water is being consumed in the home and make easy upgrades to your home to help
save money on the utility bills.
• Landscape Design Templates – These free, front yard designs are scalable to fit landscaped areas
up to 2,500 square feet, ready-to-permit, and in compliance with local Water Efficient Landscape
Ordinances.
• Water Smart Plant Label – A free water smart plant labeling program to local nurseries. The water
smart plant label highlights low water use plants to nursery customers and promotes sustainable
landscaping practices in Sonoma and Marin counties.
• Water-Energy Rebates for Restaurants and Food Service Facilities – a rebate program for replacing
inefficient commercial kitchen equipment with new water and energy efficient models.
Sonoma Water participates in numerous regional and statewide initiatives to ensure the SMSWP is on the
forefront of water use efficiency, legislation, and conservation planning, such as:
• CalWEP (including presence in the Programs Subcommittee, Research Subcommittee),
• California Irrigation Institute,
• Association of California Water Agencies (Water Management and Water Use Efficiency
Subcommittees),
• Russian River Watershed Association, and
• California Landscape Contractors Association.
9.2 City Water Conservation
Water conservation and demand management are an integral part of the City’s water supply strategy. The
City began documenting its efforts to implement water conservation programs in 2000, when together
with all of Sonoma Water’s contractors, it became a signatory to the California Urban Water Conservation
Council’s 11 Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation. From 2000 to 2015,
the City implemented water conservation programs exclusively through contracts with Sonoma Water. In
11 CUWCC changed its name California Water Efficiency Partnership (CalWEP) in 2018
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2015, the City hired a full-time Environmental Coordinator who has administered and advanced the City’s
water conservation program at the local level.
While the City was originally developed without metered water connections, in 2004 with the help of a
grant from the Department of Water Resources, the City implemented a project to meter all connections
and implement a conservation-oriented water rate structure. The City also began requiring dedicated
irrigation meters and implemented an urban water recycling program, which offset significant irrigation
demand from the potable water system. More recently the City adopted and began implementing the
CalGreen Building Code and the Model Water Use Efficiency Ordinance.
The City implements a wide range of DMMs to promote conservation and reduce demands on water
supplies which are described below.
9.2.1 DMM 1 – Water Waste Prevention Ordinances
The City adopted its Water Waste Ordinance was adopted in 2017 as part of a comprehensive update of
the Municipal Code Chapters governing its potable and recycled water system. The Ordinance prohibits
waste of water due to breaks or leaks in the water delivery system or water use in the outdoor areas
resulting in runoff. The Ordinance gives the City the authority to discontinue service if the water waste is
not corrected. The City has developed a process to address violations of the Ordinance which begins with
the City’s meter technicians and escalates to the City’s code enforcement team. Failure to comply can
lead to citations and fines. The Water Waste and Water Shortage Contingency Plan Ordinance was
amended in September 2024 to adopt by reference the State’s MWELO Ordinance.
9.2.2 DMM 2 – Metering
The City’s service area is fully metered. All existing water connections are metered, and all new
connections are required to be metered. The City obtains meter reads electronically and issues water bills
to customers on a monthly basis.
9.2.3 DMM 3 – Conservation Pricing
The City established a conservation-oriented water rate structure in 2004 to encourage water
conservation implementation. The City implements a tiered water rate structure for single family meters,
while multi-family and commercial meters are charged the Tier 2 residential usage rate.
CWC §526 (a)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an urban water supplier that, on or after January 1, 2004, receives
water from the federal Central Valley Project under a water service contract or subcontract … shall do both of the
following:
(1) On or before January 1, 2013, install water meters on all service connections to residential and nonagricultural
commercial buildings constructed prior to January 1, 1992, located within its service area.
(2) On and after March 1, 2013, or according to the terms of the Central Valley Project water contract in operation,
charge customers for water based on the actual volume of deliveries, as measured by a water meter.
CWC §527 (a)
(a) An urban water supplier that is not subject to Section 526 shall do both of the following:
(1) Install water meters on all municipal and industrial service connections located within its service area on or
before January 1, 2025.
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9.2.4 DMM 4 – Public Education and Outreach
The City’s primary outreach and education activities are provided by the Sonoma Marin Saving Water
Partnership (SMSWP), described in Section 9.1, and Sonoma Water. The City supplements and amplifies
regional water conservation messaging at its weekly Farmer’s Market and through its website and social
media channels. The SMSWP and Sonoma Water Programs are described below.
City Led Outreach: The City conducts direct engagement with residents, property managers, community
associations, and local organizations to promote efficient indoor and outdoor water use. Outreach efforts
include participation in community events and the weekly Farmers Market, where conservation materials,
rebate information, and water-use efficiency guidance are distributed. As part of these efforts, the City
provides water-saving devices such as faucet aerators, hose shut-off nozzles, high-efficiency
showerheads, and leak detection materials to encourage immediate reductions in water use.
The City also participates in and co-hosts public workshop programming, including the Eco-Wise
Workshop Series in partnership with the City of Cotati. These workshops include sessions focused on
water conservation practices and landscape efficiency strategies. Targeted outreach has included
presentations to professional organizations such as the California Association of Community Managers to
provide education on irrigation efficiency and AB 1572 non-functional turf requirements. Educational
outreach has also included engagement with youth and school-age audiences to promote early awareness
of water stewardship.
Sonoma Water: The City’s water wholesaler, Sonoma Water, implements a regional water education
program on behalf of all of its retail water agencies. Sonoma Water’s Water and Energy Education
Program is designed to help educators teach students the “value” of water as an important natural
resource, watershed stewardship, and how water and energy are linked. The program includes classroom
instructional presentations, field study opportunities, Project WET (Water Education for Teachers) teacher
trainings and workshops, free curriculum materials aligned with the California Next Generation Science
Standards, a lending library of videos, interactive models, and printed materials, and endorsement,
participation, and financial sponsorship of events, assemblies, and workshops. During the COVID-19 public
health emergency and resultant County of Sonoma Public Health Order restricting in-person education
opportunities, Sonoma Water developed free distance learning materials, including videos, activity
sheets, and learning games for teachers of kindergarten through twelfth grade. All programs and materials
are free to teachers in the Sonoma Water service area, including the City of Rohnert Park.
9.2.5 DMM 5 – Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss
The City uses the AWWA Standard Water Audit and Water Balance M36 Publication and companion free
Water Audit Software to determine and analyze system water losses. Water losses include “real losses”
and “apparent losses”. Real loss is defined by the State as the physical loss of water from water
distribution systems. Apparent loss is defined as revenue losses due to meter inaccuracies, billing errors
or unauthorized consumption.
The City implements several programs to control system water loss. Water entering the City’s distribution
system from Sonoma Water and from City-operated supply wells is metered. Water sold to customers is
also metered (including construction water sold through hydrant meters). The City maintains an active
leak repair crew and regularly commits capital improvement funding to replace older water mains and
minimize water loss due to pipeline failures. In addition, the City is transitioning fully to AMI, and is
currently in the beginning stages. This transition is expected to lessen the City’s apparent losses and reflect
overall improved data quality.
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9.2.6 DMM 6 – Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support
The City of Rohnert Park maintains staffing and interdepartmental coordination to administer and
implement its water conservation and demand management measures. Water conservation
responsibilities are housed within the Public Works Department and are implemented through
coordination between the Sustainability and Stormwater Divisions to ensure consistent program delivery
and compliance with applicable requirements.
In 2023, the City established the position of Environmental and Sustainability Manager to provide
leadership and oversight of water conservation initiatives, and is tasked with implementing the water
conservation program. This role supports program development, coordination across City divisions,
regulatory reporting, and alignment with state water efficiency requirements, including SB 606, AB 1668,
and AB 1572. The position works closely with Sonoma Water and the Sonoma-Marin Water Saving
Partnership to integrate regional conservation efforts with local implementation.
To supplement internal staffing resources, the City utilizes consultant support for specialized technical
analysis and regulatory compliance assistance when needed. This includes spatial analysis and remote
sensing services to identify irrigated landscape areas, evaluate non-functional turf consistent with AB
1572, and support development of Urban Water Use Objectives under SB 606 and AB 1668. The City also
utilizes consultant support for water and watershed-related regulatory programs, including stormwater
compliance activities that intersect with water conservation planning. These supplemental services
enhance the City’s ability to implement its Demand Management Measures effectively.
9.2.7 DMM 7 – Other Demand Management Measures
In addition to the DMMs discussed above, the City has adopted regulatory and incentive-based measures
that support long-term reductions in water demand. The City has adopted and enforces the California
Green Building Standards Code (CalGreen) and the Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO),
which establish minimum standards for indoor plumbing efficiency, landscape water budgets, and
irrigation system design. These requirements contribute to ongoing “passive” water conservation savings
by improving water-use efficiency in new development and redevelopment, even as the City continues to
grow. Active conservation programs implemented by the City are described below.
High-Efficiency Clothes Washer (HECW) Rebate: Get up to $75.00 back on the purchase and installation
of a new, qualifying HECW. A new washer can use 40 to 60% less water and energy than older, top loading
clothes washers. High capacity HECWs use 18 to 25 gallons of water per load compared to 50 or more
gallons for top loading models.
Distribution of Water Saving Devices: The City distributes water-saving devices, including faucet aerators,
hose shut-off nozzles, and high-efficiency showerheads, and regularly responds to residents who contact
the City to request these materials.
Cash for Grass: The City provides rebates for removal of irrigated turf and replacement with water-
efficient landscaping for eligible residential, commercial, HOA, and industrial properties. Turf removal
reduces long-term outdoor potable water use by replacing high-water-use lawns with drought-tolerant
landscaping and efficient irrigation. The program supports sustained reductions in outdoor water demand
and aligns with state landscape efficiency requirements.
In addition to programs offered by the City, several regional programs are offered through the SMSWP,
including: (1) education and outreach to schools, (2) public outreach and educational workshops, (3)
Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper (QWEL) Training, and (4) garden tours.
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9.3 Implementation over the Past Five Years
The following narrative provides a description of the nature and extent of the DMMs implemented by the
City from 2021 through 2025.
Water Waste Prevention: Staff regularly responds to and investigates water waste complaints. Staff
notified these customers about their water waste, explained the City’s Water Waste Ordinance, and
clarified the requirement to resolve the issue
Public Outreach and Education: Between 2021 and 2025, the City distributed conservation messaging
through bi-monthly utility bill inserts reaching approximately 54,000 customers annually. Staff conducted
recurring outreach at the weekly Farmers Market and other community events to promote water
efficiency programs, rebate opportunities, and efficient irrigation practices.
During this period, City staff provided targeted presentations to stakeholder groups, including community
association representatives, regarding water conservation practices and state landscape efficiency
requirements. The City also conducted youth-focused outreach to promote water stewardship concepts.
As part of outreach activities, the City distributed water-saving devices including faucet aerators, hose
shut-off nozzles, and high-efficiency showerheads to support immediate reductions in indoor and outdoor
water use.
High-Efficiency Clothes Washer Rebate: The City offered a rebate of $75 back on qualifying washing
machines. A total of 95 washing machine rebates were provided from 2021 through 2025.
Distribution of Water Saving Devices: The City distributes water-saving devices, including faucet aerators,
hose shut-off nozzles, and high-efficiency showerheads, and regularly responds to residents who contact
the City to request these materials.
Cash for Grass Program: The City provided rebates to remove 88,595 square feet of turf between 2021
and 2025.
9.4 Member of the California Water Efficiency Partnership (Formerly CUWCC)
In 1991, DWR along with water utilities, environmental organizations, and other interested groups
formulated an MOU regarding urban water conservation in California to implement Best Management
Practices (BMPs) and make a cooperative effort to reduce the consumption of California’s water
resources. At that time, the CUWCC administered this contract. The MOU was amended in 1999. The City
signed the MOU in 2000, pledging to implement cost effective BMPs and conservation programs. By
becoming a signatory, the City committed itself to abide by the BMPs and report progress on quantifiable
measures at least every two years.
After the State adoption of new water conservation regulations in 2018, the CUWCC restructured as an
organization and changed its name to the California Water Efficiency Partnership (CalWEP). Although the
original BMPs are no longer required by CalWEP, CalWEP continues to play an important role in statewide
water use efficiency. CalWEP provides tools, resources, information, and networking opportunities to
water providers to implement, evaluate, and track water use efficiency efforts. The organization also
tracks and influences water use efficiency legislation. The City maintains a membership in CalWEP.
Chapter 10 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation City of Rohnert Park
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10 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION
This section provides information on a public hearing, the adoption process for the UWMP and WSCP, the
adopted UWMP and WSCP submittal process, plan implementation, and the process for amending the
adopted UWMP or WSCP for the City.
10.1 Inclusion of All 2025 Data
This UWMP includes water use and planning data for the entire calendar year of 2025, per the 2025
UWMP Guidebook.
10.2 Notice of Public Hearing
Prior to adopting the Plan, the City held a virtual public hearing to present information on its UWMP and
WSCP on 10 June 2026 at 5:30 PM.
Relevant entities were notified of the UWMP and WSCP review at least 60 days prior to the public hearing,
including: the County of Sonoma, Santa Rosa Water (i.e., City of Santa Rosa), and the public. These same
entities were noticed again with the specific date, time and location of the hearing at least two weeks
prior to the public hearing. The notice to the public, as specified in California Government
Code (CGC) §6066, and letters to relevant agencies can be found in Appendix B and Appendix C,
respectively.
CWC §10621 (b)
Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the
public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides
water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes
to the plan. The urban water supplier may consult with, and obtain comments from, any city or county that
receives notice pursuant to this subdivision.
CWC §10642
Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic
elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of both the plan and the
water shortage contingency plan. Prior to adopting either, the urban water supplier shall make both the plan and
the water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings
thereon. Prior to any of these hearings, notice of the time and place of the hearing shall be published within the
jurisdiction of the publicly owned water supplier pursuant to Section 6066 of the Government Code. The urban
water supplier shall provide notice of the time and place of a hearing to any city or county within which the
supplier provides water supplies. Notices by a local public agency pursuant to this section shall be provided
pursuant to Chapter 17.5 (commencing with Section 7290) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code. A
privately owned water supplier shall provide an equivalent notice within its service area. After the hearing or
hearings, the plan or water shortage contingency plan shall be adopted as prepared or as modified after the
hearing or hearings.
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10.2.1 Notice to Cities and Counties
Table 10-1 lists the cities and counties that were notified. Copies of these letters are provided in Appendix
B.
Table 10-1 Notification to Cities and Counties (DWR Table 10-1)
City Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing
City of Santa Rosa Yes Yes
City of Sonoma Yes Yes
City of Cotati Yes Yes
City of Petaluma Yes Yes
Town of Windsor Yes Yes
County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing
Sonoma County Yes Yes
Other Agency Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing
Sonoma Water Yes Yes
Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater
Sustainability Agency Yes Yes
North Marin Water District Yes Yes
Valley of the Moon Water District Yes Yes
Marin Water Yes Yes
10.2.2 Notice to the Public
Notification to the public and to cities and counties also provided instructions on how to view the UWMP
and WSCP prior to the hearing, the revision schedule, and contact information of the UWMP and WSCP
preparer. A copy of this notice is included in Appendix C.
CWC §10631 (a) A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter that shall do all of the following:
Urban water suppliers shall coordinate with local or regional land use authorities to determine the most
appropriate land use information, including, where appropriate, land use information obtained from local or
regional land use authorities, as developed pursuant to Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3
of Division 1 of Title 7 of the Government Code.
Chapter 10 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation City of Rohnert Park
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10.3 Public Hearing and Adoption
The deadline for public comments on the UWMP and WSCP was 10 June 2026, the date of the public
hearing. The final Plan was formally adopted by the City’s City Council on 10 June 2026, and was submitted
to DWR within 30 days of approval. Appendix J presents a copy of the signed Resolution of Plan Adoption.
10.4 Plan Submittal
This UWMP and WSCP were submitted to DWR within 30 days of adoption and by the July 1, 2026,
deadline. The submittal was done electronically through Water Use Efficiency Data Portal, an online
submittal tool. The adopted UWMP and WSCP were also sent to the California State Library and to the
cities and counties listed in Table 10-1 no later than 30 days after adoption.
CWC §10608.26
(a) In complying with this part, an urban retail water supplier shall conduct at least one public hearing to
accomplish all of the following:
(1) Allow community input regarding the urban retail water supplier’s implementation plan for complying with
this part.
(2) Consider the economic impacts of the urban retail water supplier’s implementation plan for complying with
this part.
(3) Adopt a method, pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 10608.20, for determining its urban water use target.
CWC §10621 (b)
Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the
public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides
water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes
to the plan. The urban water supplier may consult with, and obtain comments from, any city or county that
receives notice pursuant to this subdivision.
CWC §10621 (f)
(1) Each urban water supplier shall update and submit its 2025 plan to the department by July 1, 2026.
CWC §10635 (c)
The urban water supplier shall provide that portion of its urban water management plan prepared pursuant to
this article to any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 60 days after the submission
of its urban water management plan.
CWC §10644 (a)
(1) An urban water supplier shall submit to the department, the California State Library, and any city or county
within which the supplier provides water supplies a copy of its plan no later than 30 days after adoption. Copies
of amendments or changes to the plans shall be submitted to the department, the California State Library, and
any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies within 30 days after adoption.
(2) The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be
submitted electronically and shall include any standardized forms, tables, or displays specified by the department.
Chapter 10 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation City of Rohnert Park
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10.5 Public Availability
On or about 10 June 2026, an electronic version of the draft UWMP and WSCP were made available for
public review by visiting the City’s website.
10.6 Amending an Adopted UWMP or Water Shortage Contingency Plan
If the UWMP or WSCP are amended, each of the steps for notification, public hearing, adoption and
submittal will also be followed for the amended document.
CWC §10645
(a) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the
department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.
(b) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its water shortage contingency plan with the department, the
urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business
hours.
CWC §10644 (b)
If an urban water supplier revises its water shortage contingency plan, the supplier shall submit to the department
a copy of its water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 no later than
30 days after adoption, in accordance with protocols for submission and using electronic reporting tools
developed by the department.
Chapter 11 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
References City of Rohnert Park
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11 REFERENCES
Brelje & Race, 2004, Water Model Study Summary Report – City of Rohnert Park
Brown & Caldwell, 2021, 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Sonoma County Water Agency
City of Rohnert Park, 2021, Urban Water Management Plan 2020 - City of Rohnert Park
City of Rohnert Park, 2026. 2040 General Plan Policy Document. Adopted April 2026.
https://envisionrp.com/images/docs/RPGPU_PD_FINAL_FULL_2025-05-06-RL.pdf
EKI Water and Environment, Inc, 2020, 2020 Water Demand Analysis and Water Conservation Measure
Update, City of Rohnert Park.
Mintier Harnish, ed., 2019, General Plan 2040 Climate Change White Paper.
Mintier Harnish, ed., 2019, General Plan 2040 Economics White Paper.
Mintier Harnish, ed., 2019, General Plan 2040 Climate Land Use and Community Character White Paper.
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Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response for the Russian River
Watershed Water Supply and Channel maintenance Project.
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29%20NMFS%20BiOp%20Russian%20River%20Watershed%20Water%20Supply.pdf.
PG&E, n.d. Potter Valley Project (FERC Project No. 77) Surrender Application and Decommissioning Plan.
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Rincon Consultants, 2025. Rohnert Park 2040 General Plan Draft Environmental Impact Report.
https://envisionrp.com/images/docs/RPGPU_PRD_FULL_2025-11-17-RL.pdf.
Santa Rosa Plain Basin Advisory Panel, 2014, Santa Rosa Plain Watershed Groundwater Management Plan
Sonoma Water, 2026. Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan, prepared by Brown and Caldwell,
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Sonoma Water, 2021. Groundwater Sustainability Plan Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater Subbasin. Dated
December 2021. https://santarosaplaingroundwater.org/gsp/.
Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin GSA, 2025. Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin Annual Report Water Year 2024.
Submitted by the Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin GSA. https://santarosaplaingroundwater.org/annual-
reports/.
Sonoma Water, 2025. 2025 Russian River Biological Opinion. Presentation slides presented to the Lower
River Municipal Advisory Committee on 11 September 2025.
https://sonomacounty.gov/Main%20County%20Site/Administrative%20Support%20%26%20Fisc
al%20Services/BoS/BCCs/Documents/Lower%20Russian%20River%20Municipal%20Advisory/20
25/Sept/SonomaWater-slides-Sept2025.pdf.
Sonoma Water, 2024. Sonoma County Water Agency Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, dated 19 September
2024.
State of California, 2024. San Francisco Bay Area Region Report. California Climate Adaptation Strategy.
https://climateresilience.ca.gov/regions/sf-bay-area.html. Accessed May 2026.
Chapter 11 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
References City of Rohnert Park
PUBLIC DRAFT | May 2026
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Winzler & Kelly, 2005, Final Water Supply Assessment - City of Rohnert Park